PEDAGOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS IN SLOVENIA

V drugi polovici 19. stoletja je bilo področje današnje Slovenije večji del vključeno v avstrijsko polovico Habsburške monarhije, edino Prekmurje je sodilo k Ogrski. Tako je tudi zgodovina šolstva na Slovenskem do 1918 povezana pretežno z razvojem avstrijskega šolstva v monarhiji. Po letu 1918 je bila v novo nastalo Kraljevino Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev (od 1929 Kraljevino Jugoslavijo) vključena večina Slovencev. Razvoj slovenskega šolstva lahko v času med obema vojnama, med 1918 in 1941, spremljamo le v jugoslovanskem delu Slovenije, za Slovence v Italiji, Avstriji in na Madžarskem pa je to pomenilo asimilacijo in izgubljanje šolanja v materinem jeziku. Šolstvo na Slovenskem se je po letu 1945 razvijalo kot del šolstva v ponovno oblikovani jugoslovanski državi kot šolstvo federalne enote, ki je obsegala na zahodu tudi Primorsko. Učiteljska društva in druge učiteljske organizacije ter njihova glasila so izraz učiteljskega gibanja z različnimi idejnimi, pedagoškimi, nacionalnimi in političnimi usmeritvami zlasti osnovnošolskega učiteljstva. Od 60. let 19. stoletja so nastala okrajna učiteljska društva, ki so povečini združevala učiteljstvo posameznega okraja. Na usmeritev slovenskega učiteljstva je vplivala pogosta dilema, ali slovensko (in s tem katoliško) ali liberalno, kdaj tudi socialdemokratsko (in s tem dejansko nemško) – zato je med slovenskim učiteljstvom prihajalo do jasne ločitve duhov med klerikalci in liberalci šele konec 19. stoletja. Depolitizacijo učiteljskih organizacij je zahtevalo učiteljstvo na skupščini JUU v Celju, ko se je tudi katoliško učiteljstvo (Slomškova zveza) pridružilo od takrat skupnem slovenskem delu Unije jugoslovanskih učiteljev. Glavni namen društev je bil pedagoško in didaktično izobraževanje članov, poudarek je bil tudi na sindikalnih temah nizkih učiteljskih plač. Šolsko časopisje je objavljalo posamezne prispevke z društvenih srečanj. Društva so imela tudi družabni značaj povezovanja izobraženih ljudi in so igrala pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju slovenskega narodnostnega gibanja.In the second half of the 19th century a larger part of the land now under Slovenia was under the Austrian half of the Habsburg monarchy, only Prekmurje belonged to Ogrska. That is why the history of schooling in Slovenia is closely tied to the development of Austrian schooling up to 1918. After 1918 the majority of Slovenes were included in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croatians and Slovenes (from 1929 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). The development of schooling in Slovenia between the two wars 1918 and 1949 can only be traced in the Yugoslavian part of the country. For the Slovenes in Italy, Austria and Hungary this meant assimilation and the loss of schooling in their native language. The development of schooling in Slovenia after 1945 developed as a part of educating in the formed Yugoslavian country as schooling of a federal unit, which included Primorska in the west. Teaching societies and other teaching organizations along with their bulletins express and represent the teaching movement with diverse ideal, pedagogical, national and political opinions, especially in the area of primary school teaching. From the 60 years of the 19th century district teaching societies were formed and they united the schooling of a certain area. A dilemma often influenced Slovene schooling: Slovene (and therefore catholic) or liberal even socially democratic (and with that German). That is why there was a clear division between clerical and liberal teachers only by the end of the 19th century. The depoliticisation of teaching organizations was demanded by teachers at the assembly of JUU in Celje when the catholic teachers (Slomškova union) joined the Slovene side of the Union of Yugoslavian teachers. The main purpose of the societies was the didactical and pedagogical educating of members, the stress was on issues such as low salaries of educators. The school papers published articles from the assemblies. The societies also had a sociable characteristic of bonding educated people and played an important role in the forming of the Slovene national movement