NURSING PROBLEMS PATIENTS WITH DIABETES

Sladkorna bolezen je ena izmed najpogostejših kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni. Število bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo strmo narašča. Sprejetje bolezni, prilagoditev nanjo in sposobnost njenega obvladovanja je za bolnika velika psihična in socialna obremenitev. V veliko pomoč pri sprejetju bolezni so bolnikom njihovi svojci, saj bolezen vpliva na življenje vseh družinskih članov. Pomembna je tudi stalna dosegljivost zdravstvenih delavcev, ki nudijo pomoč bolniku. Največji pomen ima zdravstvena vzgoja bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo in njihovih svojcev, saj dobro poučen bolnik obvlada samokontrolo, zdravljenje in zdrav slog življenja. Z dobrim vodenjem bolezni lahko preprečimo ali upočasnimo nastanek akutnih in kroničnih zapletov, ki pomembno vplivajo na kakovost življenja bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo. V teoretičnem delu je opisana sladkorna bolezen, njeni zapleti in načini zdravljenja, patronažna zdravstvena nega ter pomen delovanja patronažne medicinske sestre. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati, pridibljeni z vprašalnikom za strukturirani intervju, ki smo ga izvedli pri tridesetih bolnikih s sladkorno boleznijo, ki jih na domu obiskujejo patronažne medicinske sestre. Ugotavljali smo, kateri so najpogostejši negovalni problemi bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo, kako so bolniki pripravljeni na izvajanje samokontrole in terapije sladkorne bolezni ter kakšen je vpliv sladkorne bolezni na kakovost življenja bolnikov s sladkorno boleznijo. Ugotovili smo, da so najpogostejši negovalni problemi povezani s kroničnimi zapleti sladkorne bolezni. Zaradi okvar na ožilju imajo največ težav z motnjami vida, slepoto, poškodovano kožo in diabetičnim stopalom. Bolniki so samostojni pri izvajanju samokontrole in zdravljenju sladkorne bolezni. Ko pride do zapletov, pa največkrat postanejo odvisni od pomoči drugih. Zapleti pomembno vplivajo na zdravstveno stanje bolnikov, posledično pa tudi na družabno življenje.Diabetes is one of the most common chronical non-contagious illnesses. The number of patients with diabetes has been steeply rising, both worldwide and in our country. It is a mental and physical strain for the patient to accept the illness, adjust to it and be able to control it. Relatives can help the patient in his acceptance of the diabetes, for the illness affects the lives of all family members. Continuous accessibility of the help of healthcare workers is very important but the most important thing is health education of the diabetic patient and his relatives. A well informed patient masters his own self-control, medical therapy and a healthy lifestyle. With good guidance we can prevent or slow down the emergence of acute and chronic complications that have a significant impact on the quality of life of the diabetic patient. The theoretical part addresses diabetes, its complications and ways of medical therapy, community nursing care and the importance of community nurses. The empirical part introduces the results we got from the structured inquiry questionnaire, answered by thirty diabetes patients, who are part of the community nursing care. We established which are the most common nursing problems of the diabetic patients and how they are prepared to proceed with self-control and therapy. We found out that the most common nursing problems are linked to the chronical complications of diabetes. Due to the vascular system defects the majority of the problems concern visual disturbances, blindness, damaged skin and diabetic foot. Patients are autonomous with implementing self-control and medical therapy. Once the complications occur, they start to depend on others. Complications affect the health condition of diabetic patients and therefore their social life