Health education of patients with congenital anemia

Slabokrvnost oz. anemija je najpogostejša skupina hematoloških bolezni in v več kot polovici primerov je le eden od simptomov neke druge osnovne bolezni. O anemiji govorimo takrat, kadar je znižana celotna količina hemoglobina v telesu, kakor tudi število eritrocitov. Posledično v tkivih nastopi hipoksija, na katero se organizem odzove na različne načine in pri bolniku nastopijo različni simptomi, katerih intenziteta je odvisna od količine hemoglobina v krvi, od poteka bolezni ter od vzroka oz. načina nastanka anemije. V prvem delu diplomskega dela so podane definicije pojma anemija, sledi razvrstitev ter kratka predstavitev vrst anemij. V drugem delu predstavljamo vrsto prirojene anemije Diamond — Blackfan, njene značilnosti, potek zdravljenja s transfuzijo krvi ter slabosti in zaplete, ki jih prinaša transfuzija. Opredelili smo se tudi na zdravstveno - vzgojno delovanje medicinske sestre pri bolniku s prirojeno anemijo. Predstavljena je definicija zdravstvene vzgoje, ter načrt dela za delo z bolnikom s prirojeno anemijo. Z diplomsko nalogo želimo prikazati in prispevati h kakovostnejši zdravstveni vzgoji bolnika, katere glavni cilj je spodbuditi bolnika k doseganju dobrega zdravja in mu pomagati do izboljšanja njegove kvalitete življenja.Anaemia is the most common disorder of the blood and in more then a half of cases it`s one of the symptoms some other basic illness. Anaemia occurs when the level of the red blood cells or hemoglobin as well as the number of erythrocytes is less then normal and leads to hypoxia in organs. There are several kinds of anaemia produced by a variety of underlying causes. The first part of my thesis consists of a definition of the anaemia, kinds of anaemia and their introduction. In the second part of diploma thesis is introduced the congenital anaemia, that usually presents in infancy, called Diamond-Blackfan. One of the treatments this type of anaemia is blood transfusion therapy. A blood transfusion is the transfer of blood or blood products from one person (donor) into another person\u27s bloodstream (recipient). Because it brings a lot of risks and complications with it (such as HIV, hepatitis viruses, different reactions at the time of the transfusion...) it requires a good knowledge of clinical staff, a team of nurses, who are especially skilled to work at patients with congenital anaemia. Good health care education and its planning are here significant. Any such skilled nurse can better help the patient. We presented the ways of qualitative nursing care, a role of a nurse in a process of rehabilitation and health education of the patient to improve his quality of life