POLICE DETENTION - AN ACTION TO PREVENT DESTRUCTION OF EVIDENCE IN THE HOUSE SEARCH PROCESS

Človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine so izredno pomembna dobrina sodobne družbe, zato so zapisane v Ustavi kot najvišjem pravnem aktu države. Tudi Republika Slovenija zagotavlja visoko zaščito človekovih pravic v postopkih represivnih organov. Tako so v Ustavi Republike Slovenije zajete tudi podrobne določbe o pravici do osebne svobode in nedotakljivosti stanovanja, ki jih zakonodaja samo še razčlenjuje in natančneje določa. Policija, kot represivni organ, mora osebam v postopkih odvzema prostosti, kot tudi v postopku hišne preiskave, zagotavljati pravice, ki jim jih nalaga zakonodaja. Prav tako se mora Policija držati zakonodajnih pravil, ki so v teh dveh postopkih natančno določeni. Namen diplomske naloge je predstavitev glavnih značilnosti, ki so povezane z institutom pridržanja in hišne preiskave. Predstavljena je pravna ureditev v Republiki Sloveniji, ki opredeljuje instituta pridržanja in hišne preiskave na nivoju zakona in podzakonskih predpisov. Prav tako so predstavljene pravice oseb, ki jim je odvzeta prostost, kot tudi pravice preiskovanih oseb, zoper katere se izvaja hišna preiskava, na nivoju zakona, kot so vročitev odredbe, seznanitev s pravico do odvetnika, poziv k prostovoljni izročitvi predmetov, prisotnost procesnih subjektov ter pisanje in izročitev zapisnika o hišni preiskavi. Tako imenovana Miranda se nanaša na osumljence kaznivih dejanj, ki jim je odvzeta prostost. V slovenskih pozitivno-pravnih predpisih je ta zahteva izrecno zapisana, kar pomeni, da je potrebno pred vsakršnim odvzemom prostosti oziroma pridržanjem osebo o razlogih za odvzem prostosti tudi poučiti. Da lahko policija osebi odvzame prostost, pa mora imeti utemeljen razlog za sum, da je le-ta storila konkretno kaznivo dejanje. Utemeljeni razlog za sum pa je pravni standard, ki je potreben za odreditev hišne preiskave, pri kateri pa ima oseba, zoper katero se izvaja hišna preiskava, pravice, podobne pravicam iz Mirande. Vse izjave pridržanih oseb, kakor tudi dejanja policije, ki niso izvedena v skladu z zahtevami, so tako na sodišču neuporabna ter se izločijo kot nedovoljeni ali nezakoniti dokazi.Human rights and elementary liberties are very important goodness of modern society and they are included in Constitution as the highest law act of country. Also The Republic of Slovenia guarantees high protection of Human Rights in proceeding by law enforcement. Thus the Slovenian Constitution also embraces detailed provisions regarding the right to personal freedom and the inviolability of dwellings. Police must ensure human rights to those who are under arrest as well as in the process of house search. Also, the police must adhere to legislative rules that are specified in these two processes. The purpose of this graduation thesis is to present the main characteristics associated with the institution of arrest and institution of search of premises. A presentation is given of the legal system in Slovenia, which defines the institution arrest and of house search, which is presented in terms of the law and implementing regulations. There are also presented rights of those who are under arrest as well as rights of those whose houses are searched on the level of the law, such as the delivery of a warrant, apprising the person of their right to an attorney, appealing for the voluntary handing over of items, the presence of procedural subjects and the writing and delivery of a written record of search of premises. So called Miranda rights applies on the suspect of criminal offences who are arrested. In Slovene regulations that requirement is also explicit and it can be comprehended in the demand that a person, who is deprived of a freedom must be informed of the reasons for arrest and other Miranda rights. In order for the police to deprive someone of his or her liberty they must supply a cogent reason that this particular person is a perpetrator of a criminal offence. Reasonable grounds to suspect is the institution of the standard of evidence which are needed for lawfulness arrest, as well for the procedure of obtaining a court-issued warrant to carry out a search of premises. Person under investigation and under procedure of house search has similar rights as Miranda rights. So every person statement as wel as police procedures, who are not conducted in accordance with the requirements of law, can not be used against person in court of law