ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORTS OF DANGEROUS MATERIALS ON CASE OF BUSINESS OF CINKARNA CELJE

Nevarnost in z njo povezan strah pred posledicami je dejstvo, ki človeka nenehno navdaja. Vojne, bolezen, nesreče in druge ujme so mu stalno za petami. Tudi prevoz nevarnega blaga predstavlja veliko nevarnost za človeka in okolje, zato je potrebno poskrbeti, da vsi udeleženci pri prevozu zadovoljijo varnostne ukrepe, ki so predpisani po zakonu. Vsak dan se po svetu prevaža več milijonov ton nevarnih snovi. Najbolj nevarne snovi so eksplozivne, vnetljive, jedke, radioaktivne, kužne, oksidirajoče, organski peroksidi, stisnjeni plini, posode pod tlakom, snovi, ki reagirajo z vodo, naftni derivati, strupi in podobni. Pri tem prihaja do nesreč in s tem do onesnaževanja okolja in negativnih vplivov na zdravje in življenja ljudi v vseh fazah prevoza — pakiranju , nakladanju, prevozu in razkladanju. Pri nesrečah največkrat pride do razsutja trdnih snovi, vnetljivosti, izlitja tekočin ali izhajanja plinov, pri čemer je še posebno nevarno, če snov reagira z vodo, zrakom ali je drugače nevarna (radioaktivna, vnetljiva, kužna itd.). Tako pride do onesnaženja tal, zraka, vode in podtalnice, če strupenih snovi hitro ne odstranimo ali nevtraliziramo. Problem, ki ga obravnavamo v vsebini naloge, je, kako vse s predpisi določene zahteve upoštevati in izvesti v praksi — in s tem zagotoviti visoko stopnjo varnosti prevoza nevarnega blaga. Na praktičnem primeru prevoza nevarnega blaga v Cinkarni Celje smo prikazali, kako v praksi poteka celoten proces prevoza organizacije in tehnologija izvedbe,npr. kakšne so dolžnosti posameznikov, ki sodelujejo v procesu in kakšne so zahteve veljavnih predpisov ter kako jih uporabimo in izvedemo v praksi. V nalogi so opisani varnostni ukrepi pri prevozu nevarnega blaga, vrsta embalaže za pakiranje in prevoz nevarnega blaga. Embalaža in pakiranje sta pomembna dejavnika v cestnem prevozu nevarnega blaga, prav tako prevozi nevarnega blaga brez ustreznih in učinkovitih transportnih sredstev nimajo prihodnosti.The danger and the corresponding fear of consequences is a fact that is constantly inspiring. Wars, diseases, accidents and other misfortunes are always close by. The transport of dangerous materials represents one such big danger for man and his environment as well, that is why we have to make sure that all the parties involved meet the security regulations according to the law. There are millions of tons of dangerous materials being transported all over the world every day. The most dangerous materials are explosive, flammable, corrosive, radioactive, infectious, oxidizing, organic peroxides, compressed gas, containers under pressure, substances that react with water, oil derivates, poisons and such. An accident that can cause environmental damage and have a negative impact on the health and the lives of the people can happen in any given stage of the transport - packing, loading, transporting and unloading. During such accidents it mostly comes to scattering of the solid materials, inflammation, spilling of the liquids or emitting of the gases, where it is especially dangerous if the material reacts with water, air or is in any way dangerous (radioactive, flammable, infectious etc.). That is how the ground, air, water and ground water get polluted, if the poisonous materials are not removed or neutralized immediately. The problem that is being covered with this paper is how to follow and execute all of the regulated demands and therewith ensure a high level of safety during the transport of the dangerous materials. Using the practical case of the transport of the dangerous materials in Cinkarna Celje, we showed how the whole process of the transport organization and technological execution is being handled in practice, for instance what are the obligations of the individual participants and what are the demands of the existing regulations and how to satisfyingly use and execute those