RISKS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS AND THE FUTURES CONTRACT AND LETTER OF CREDIT AS INSURANCE AGAINST THE FINANCIAL RISKS

Ker se vsako podjetje pri svojem poslovanju srečuje z najrazličnejšimi tveganji, kot so na primer valutno, obrestno, tveganje neizpolnitve nasprotne stranke, likvidnostno tveganje, itd., je v njihovem interesu se izogniti le tem oziroma jih omejiti ali celo odpraviti. Vsako podjetje, ki posluje mednarodno bi moralo proučiti trg na katerem se nahaja oziroma na katerega vstopa. Proučiti njegove zakonitosti, posebnosti in tveganja s katerimi se bo srečevalo v času poslovanja. Podjetja bi tako lažje našla pravi način kako zmanjšati ali celo odpraviti tveganje. Podjetja so v tem času svetovne gospodarske krize še bolj občutljiva, saj so tveganja še večja. V diplomskem delu so predstavljena tveganja v mednarodnem plačilnem prometu, podrobneje so predstavljena finančna tveganja in instrumenti obvladovanja le teh. Od instrumentov obvladovanja tveganj je predstavljena terminska pogodba kot način zavarovanja pred valutnim tveganjem, ter nepreklicni dokumentarni akreditiv kot način zavarovanja pred tveganjem neizpolnitve nasprotne stranke.As each company faces with a wide range of risks such as currency risk, interest rate risk, counterparty risk, liquidity risk, etc., is in their interest to avoid them or even eliminate them. Any company doing business internationally should consider the market. They should examine its specific risk to be faced during the operation. Businesses would find it easier to find the right way how to reduce or even eliminate the risk. Companies in this time of global economic crisis are even more sensitive because the risks are even greater. In diploma are presented risks of international payment transactions, financial instruments and risk management. From a risk management instruments is presented forward contract as insurance against currency risk, and an irrevocable documentary letter of credit as a insurance against the risk of counterparty