Using the Automated External Defibrillator

Hitro ukrepanje pri bolniku, ki mu je zastalo srce, je ključnega pomena za njegovo preživetje. Po raziskavah je v 90 % primerov srčnega zastoja prisoten očividec, ki bi lahko ukrepal in rešil človeka. Vendar zgolj masaža srca in vpihovanje zraka po navadi ne zadostujeta za oživitev bolnika. Možnosti za le-to močno povečajo učinkoviti temeljni postopki oživljanja, med katere spada tudi pravilna uporaba avtomatskega zunanjega defibrilatorja, ki je v tem primeru ključna. Velikokrat pa je problem prav pomanjkljivo znanje. V diplomskem delu je obravnavana uporaba avtomatskega zunanjega defibrilatorja, s kratico poimenovanega tudi AED (Automated External Defibrillator), opisana je naprava AED, varna defibrilacija in pomen zgodnje defibrilacije za uspešno oživljanje ter vloga medicinske sestre na področju oživljanja. Predstavljena je tudi zgodovina zgodnje defibrilacije, vse do trenutnega stanja na področju avtomatske defibrilacije v Sloveniji, omenjena pa so tudi mesta, kjer se avtomatski zunanji defibrilatorji nahajajo. Prav tako sta v diplomskem delu predstavljeni anatomija in fiziologija srca, ki nam razkrijeta zgradbo in delovanje srčne mišice. Opisani so tudi prehrana, prevodnost in srčno živčevje. Diplomsko delo predstavlja zgodovino, razvoj in splošno uporabo temeljnih postopkov oživljanja odraslih in otrokopisanih je vseh deset osnovnih korakov algoritma za oživljanje in vsi štirje členi t. i. verige preživetja. V empiričnem delu je predstavljena raziskava, ki je bila izvedena med 100 zdravstvenimi delavci in katere namen je bil ugotoviti poznavanje avtomatskega zunanjega defibrilatorja in zanimanje za kontinuirano usposabljanje.SUMMARY For patients who suffer cardiac arrest, immediate action is vital for their survival. Research shows that in 90 % of the cases of cardiac arrest, there is a witness present, who could act to save the patient. Yet, mere cardiac massage and air insufflations are usually not enough to resuscitate a patient. Chances for survival increase immensely when basic life support are applied, among which the correct use of the automated external defibrillator is key. Often, the main problem lies in a lack of knowledge. The present diploma paper focuses on the use of the Automated External Defibrillator or AED, describes the AED device, safe defibrillation and the importance of early defibrillation for successful resuscitation, along with the role of a nurse in the resuscitation process. In the paper, the history of early defibrillation is outlined, including the present state of automated defibrillation in Slovenia and a list of places where automated external defibrillators are located. Moreover, the anatomy and physiology of the heart are described, together with the construction and the function of the heart muscle, as well as its nutrition, conductivity and nervous system. The paper also deals with the history, development and general application of basic life support on adults and children, the ten initial steps of the resuscitation algorithm, as well as the four links of the so-called chain of survival. The empirical part presents the results of research which was carried out among 100 health care professionals, the aim of which was to establish the level of knowledge of the automated external defibrillator and the interest in continued training in this field