APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT NATURAL MATERIALS AS BIOMASS SUPPORT IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WITH FIXED BIOMASS

Magistrska naloga temelji na raziskavi problematike tekstilnih odpadnih vod iz barvarn. Raziskovalno delo je potekalo na treh laboratorijsko pripravljenih odpadnih kopeli, ki so poleg barvil (ena je vsebovala 1:2 kovinsko kompleksno barvilo, dve pa reaktivno barvilo) vsebovale še tekstilna pomožna sredstva in kemikalije. Odpadne kopeli predstavljajo realne kopeli iz barvarn, za katere se je v raziskovalnem delu uporabil postopek biološkega čiščenja s pritrjeno biomaso. Kot nosilci biomase, ki so pri čiščenju tudi aktivno sodelovali, so bili uporabljeni: lesne gobe, apnenec, zeolit in šotni granulat. V nalogi so opisane metode dela, ki so bile uporabljene z namenom, da se razišče vpliv različnih sestav odpadnih kopeli in različnih nosilcev na učinek čiščenja tekstilnih odpadnih kopeli iz barvarn. S spektroskopsko analizo se je na osnovi izmerjenih absorbanc določila stopnja razbarvanja barvila in spektralni absorpcijski koeficienti za odpadne vode pred in po čiščenju. Z merjenjem parametrov onesnaženosti se je ugotavljala učinkovitost različnih nosilcev biomase. Z določanjem pH, oksidacijsko redukcijskega potenciala in električne prevodnosti so se ugotavljale spremembe v odpadni kopeli po čiščenju. Določili so se tudi osnovni parametri sistema, kot so poroznost nosilca in zadrževalni časi v sistemu. Določile so se lastnosti in vpliv vseh barvil, kemikalij in tekstilno pomožnih sredstev v odpadnih kopelih ter lastnosti izlužkov nosilcev biomase in njihov vpliv na učinek čiščenja. Zaključki na osnovi rezultatov so pokazali, da so določeni nosilci biomase bolj primerni za čiščenje določenih odpadnih kopeli. Lesne gobe in šotni granulat sta primerna za čiščenje močno alkalnih odpadnih kopeli. Apnenec je lahko primeren za čiščenje odpadne kopeli, ki vsebuje barvilo C.I. Acid Blue 158, medtem ko je zeolit primeren za čiščenje odpadne kopeli, ki vsebuje barvilo C.I. Reactive Yellow 15.This master’s thesis sheds light on the problem of textile wastewater from colouring plants. It describes the content of the three baths prepared in the lab and used in the research process, which consisted of textile auxiliaries and chemicals as well as dye (one bath contained 1:2 complex metal dye, two contained reactive dye). Waste baths are as real baths from the dye works where we applied the process of biological treatment with fixed biomass in our research. The following biomass supports were actively involved in the treatment process: polypore mushrooms, limestone, zeolite and granulated peat. The thesis describes the work methods that were used with the intent to explore the influence of different content of waste baths and various carriers on the treatment effect. UV/VIS spectroscopic analysis based on measured absorbance was used to determine the level of dye discoloration and spectral absorption coefficients for waste water before and after the treatment process. By measuring pollution parameters we determined the effectiveness of various biomass supports. By determining the pH level, oxidation reduction potential and electrical conductivity we determined the changes in the characteristics of the waste bath after the treatment process. We also determined the basic system parameters, such as the biomass support porosity and the retainment period of the system. We determine the characteristics and the influence of used dyes, chemicals and textile auxiliaries in the waste baths, as well as the characteristics of biomass support eluates and their influence on the treatment effect. The conclusions based on the collected data showed that certain biomass supports are more effective in the treatment process of certain waste baths. Polypore mushrooms and granulated peat are best suited for the treatment of highly alkaline waste baths. Limestone can be used for waste baths containing C.I. Acid Blue 158 dye, whereas zeolite’s effectiveness is clearly seen in the treatment of the waste baths containing the C.I. Reactive Yellow 15 dye