First aid in the care of road accident victims

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili ekipo NMP v Sloveniji in njeno delovanje. Predstavili smo postopke in posege, tehnike in sisteme reševanja pri oskrbi poškodovancev na terenu, z vključitvijo vseh ostalih služb, ki pomagajo oziroma sodelujejo pri reševanju ponesrečencev v prometnih nezgodah na območju Šaleške regije. Obravnavali smo prometne nezgode, pri katerih je bila aktivirana ekipa NMP zdravstvenega doma Velenje. Analizirali smo 258 ponesrečencev v prometnih nezgodah, pri katerih je bila aktivirana ekipa NMP na vzorcu 205 protokolov od 1. 1. 2007 do 11. 11. 2009. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s študijem literature za področje NMP in oskrbe ponesrečencev v prometnih nezgodah. Uporabili smo retrospektivno metodo (študija izpolnjenih protokolov nujnih intervencij). Podatke smo analizirali (grafi). V prometnih nezgodah je bilo udeleženih 258 ponesrečencev, od tega 163 moških (63,2 %) in 95 žensk (36,8 %). Mladoletnih oziroma starih do 21 let je bilo 79 (30,6 %), nad 21 let pa 179 ponesrečencev (69,4 %). V tem obdobju je v prometnih nesrečah umrlo 13 ponesrečencev (5 %), 57 ponesrečencev (22,1 %) je bilo hudo poškodovanih, 147 ponesrečencev (57 %) je utrpelo lažje poškodbe, 41 ponesrečencev (15,9 %) ni utrpelo vidnih poškodb. Pri 13 ponesrečencih (5 %) je bilo ugotovljeno uživanje alkohola, 6 ponesrečencev je uživalo psihoaktivne snovi (2,3 %), pri 2 ponesrečencih (0,8 %) je bil podan sum poizkusa samomora. Ugotovili smo, da je bilo udeleženih v prometnih nezgodah več kot 60 % moških, v večini stari nad 21 let. Ekipa NMP je Zdravstvenem domu Velenje zelo dobro organizirana, prav tako v celotni Sloveniji. V veliki meri sta za to zaslužna zelo dobra in sodobna opremljenost reševalnih vozil in pa strokovno izobraževan kader, ki se neprestano dodatno izpopolnjuje na seminarjih. Veliko pomanjkljivost smo odkrili pri kadru in sicer pri skupno vseh intervencijah je sodelovalo samo 34 (16,6 %) diplomiranih zdravstvenikov oziroma diplomiranih medicinskih sester, kajti zaposlena sta samo dva diplomirana zdravstvenika, oziroma zadnje leto le eden. V veliki večini so zdravstveni tehniki oziroma srednje medicinske sestre in pa vozniki s posebnim tečajem. Ugotovili smo tudi pomanjkljivost pri službi HNMP v Sloveniji, saj je omejena na dnevni čas delovanja, dolgi čas aktivacije in do prihoda bolnika v zdravstveno ustanovo, kar smo tudi dokazali na zemljevidu.This thesis describes the Urgent Medical Assistance (UMA) crews in Slovenia and their operations. We presented the procedures and interventions along with rescue techniques and systems for accident victims in the field. This also includes all other services dealing or helping with automotive accident victim rescue in the area of Šaleška region. We analysed traffic accidents that required the help of the UMA crew of the Velenje medical station, totalling 205 missions in the period from 1st January 2007 to 11th November 2009, with 258 victims. The descriptive method was used along with the study of UMA and traffic accident victims care literature. We analysed all data and presented them in the form of graphs. The traffic accidents affected 258 victims, 163 male (63.2 %) and 95 female (36.8 %). 79 (30.6 %) were minor or under 21 years of age and 179 (69.4 %) were older. In the analyzed period, 13 (5 %) victims died, 57 (22.1 %) victims suffered major injuries, 147 (57 %) victims suffered minor injuries, and 41 (15.9 %) victims did not have visible injuries. 13 (5 %) victims were found to have ingested alcohol, 6 (2.3 %) used psychoactive substances, and 2 (0.8 %) are suspected to have tried to commit suicide. We found that more than 60 % of victims are men, mostly over 21 years of age. The UMA crew of the Velenje medical station is very well organized, which seems to be the case for the whole country. They have very well equipped and modern rescue vehicles and their efficiency is supported by well trained staff involved in regular training seminars. They do have deficiencies in human resources, as only 34 (16.6 %) of the staff involved in missions has a medical diploma, having only two (one in the last year) member with a diploma. The majority of them are medical technicians and specially trained drivers. We also found some deficiencies in the Fast UMA service, since they are not available on 24-hour basis, have a rather long activation time and need a long time to bring the patient to the medical station. This was also shown on a map