ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARNING INCOME IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

Podjetniško obnašanje pomeni zaznavo podjetniške priložnosti in njeno uresničitev z namenom doseganja ekonomske koristi, dobička. Za socialnega podjetnika pa je zanimiva tista podjetniška priložnost, ki poleg ekonomske koristi ponuja tudi možnost prispevati k družbeni blaginji. Podjetniško obnašanje v nepridobitni dejavnost se kaže v minimiziranju stroškov in maksimiziranju kakovosti opravljenih storitev. Javni zavodi opravljajo dve vrsti dejavnosti: javno službo in tržno dejavnost. Javna služba se opravlja kot nepridobitna dejavnost. Njen namen je proizvodnja javnih dobrih, ki je ne moremo ali ne smemo prepustiti delovanju trga. V tržni dejavnosti pa javni zavod nastopa s svojimi konkurenčnimi storitvami na trgu z namenom ustvarjanja dobička. Zaradi neusklajene in premalo natančne zakonodaje na tem področju ni enotne opredelitve katere storitve spadajo pod javno službo in katere pod tržno dejavnost. Posledično je potem tudi težje ugotavljati presežek prihodkov nad odhodki oziroma pri tržni dejavnosti dobiček. Za javne osnovne šole v Mestni občini Maribor smo ugotovili, da prihodki iz tržne dejavnosti predstavljajo majhen delež v celotnih prihodkih, ter da ne zaznavajo in ne opredeljujejo dodatnih podjetniških priložnosti. Pri tem jih omejuje obstoječa zakonodaja. Po našem mnenju ni smiselno javnim osnovnim šolam omogočiti dodatno tržno dejavnost, ker bi to vodilo k zmanjšanju kakovosti izvajanja javne službe in k povečanju razlik med zaposlenimi in samimi javnimi osnovnimi šolami.Entrepreneurial behavior is meant as a perception of a entrepreneurial opportunities and its achievement in order to deliver economic benefits, profit. A business opportunity, that a social entrepreneur is interested at, has to offer, beside the economic profit, a chance to contribute to a social welfare. Entrepreneurial behavior in a non-profit activity is reflected in minimizing costs and maximizing quality of service. Public institutions do two types of activities: public service and market activity. Community service is performed as a non-profit activity. Their purpose is to produce public good and they must not be left to a market performance. Yet, an intention of a public institution on a market activity is making profit with its competetive achievement. Due to lack of coherence and inaccurate legislation on this area there is no unitary definition of which services belong to a public service and which to a market activity. Consequently, it is harder to establish an excess of income over expenditure or in market activities as profit. For public elementary schools in the municipality Maribor we have found out that revenues from market activities represent a small share in total revenue. We have also found out that public elementary schools do not detect or define additional entrepreneurial opportunities. In taking such opportunities they are limited by the current legislation. On our opinion is senseless for public elementary schools to continue to co-operate in market activities because of possible negative effects on the quality of public service performance. We also think that further participation in market activities could lead to bigger differences among amployees as well as among public elelmentary schools