Adaptation of engineering approach to the calculation of external costs of traffic congestion in urban areas

V magistrskem delu je izpeljana prilagoditev metodologije inženirskega pristopa k izračunu eksternih stroškov prometa zaradi zastojev v urbanih okoljih. Osnovni inženirski pristop temelji na merjenju v zastojih izgubljenega časa ter posredno tudi njegove vrednosti. Pri tem upošteva prometno-inženirske pojme, kot so odnos med hitrostjo in prometnim tokom, gibanje mejnih stroškov v odvisnosti od prometnih obremenitev glede na čas dneva/tedna/leta ter prometne obremenitve in kapacitete cestnih odsekov. Ker gre za pristop, ki v bistvu ne ugotavlja absolutnih vrednosti izgubljenega časa zaradi prometnih zastojev neposredno, temveč ugotavlja, ali se na obravnavanih cestnih odsekih redno (in v kakšnem obsegu) pojavljajo prometni zastoji zaradi preobremenjenosti, je manj primeren za izračune eksternih stroškov prometa zaradi zastojev za urbana območja. Njegova prilagoditev omogoča konkreten izračun eksternih stroškov prometa zaradi zastojev na izbranem urbanem cestnem omrežju na podlagi statistično merljivih količin (v zastojih izgubljen čas, namen potovanj, zasedenost vozil), fizikalnih količin (hitrost prometnega toka, čas voženj) ter socio-ekonomskih kazalnikov (vrednost časa). Izpeljana metodologija je bila v okviru magistrskega dela uporabljena za izračun eksternih stroškov prometa zaradi zastojev za slovensko cestno omrežje, rezultati izračuna pa validirani z rezultati študij, ki obravnavajo sorodno tematiko. Uporaba prilagojenega inženirskega pristopa omogoča natančnejši izračun eksternih stroškov prometa zaradi zastojev, velikost katerih predstavlja pomembno informacijo za snovalce prometne politike, ki se ukvarjajo z internalizacijo eksternih stroškov prometa. Slednja je pomembna, ker vodi do izboljšane učinkovitosti prometnega sistema ter posledično do zmanjšanja prometnih zastojev ter manjših problemov na področju prometne varnosti in onesnaževanja okolja.In the work is derived adjustment of engineering approach to calculating the external costs of traffic congestion in urban areas. Basic engineering approach is based on the measurement of time lost in traffic jams and, indirectly, its value. Taking into account traffic engineering concepts such as the relationship between speed and traffic flow, the movement of marginal cost, depending on the traffic load on the time of day / week / year and the traffic load and capacity of road sections. It represents an approach which essentially does not identify the absolute values of the time lost directly. It notes the road sections with considered regular delays occur, what makes it less appropriate to calculate the external costs of traffic congestion in urban areas. Its adaptation provides a concrete calculation of external costs of traffic congestion in urban road network, selected on the basis of statistically measurable quantities (time lost in traffic jams, the purpose of travel, occupancy of vehicles), physical quantities (travel speed, travel times) and socio-economic indicators (value of time). Methodology was carried out under the master\u27s thesis used to calculate the external costs of traffic congestion for the Slovenian road network, the results of the calculation is validated by the results of studies addressing related issues. The use of adapted engineering approach provides a more accurate calculation of external costs of traffic congestion, the size of which is an important information for transport policy makers dealing with the internalisation of external costs of transport. The latter is important because it leads to improved efficiency of the transport system and consequently to reduce traffic congestion and minor problems in the field of road safety and environmental pollution