Greek Ancient State and Governments

Diplomsko delo je razdeljeno na tri dele. Prvi del predstavi splošne značilnosti antičnega sveta stare Grčije. Podrobno opišem pojav, značilen za antično Grčijo, t. j. polis, in njegove značilnosti. Nadaljujem z raziskovanjem bistva polisa in ugotavljam, ali je bil država ali ne. Nadaljujem s teoretičnimi vprašanji o tem, ali je bila antična grška država narod oz. nacionalna država, ali je sploh bila država ali samo neke vrste skupnosti. Nato se osredotočim na državne ureditve antičnih mestnih držav, polisov. Za vsako značilno ureditev opišem tudi glavne državne institucije in lastnosti obdobja. V drugem delu opišem razvoj netipičnih, vendar znanih mest, Aten in Šparte. Za vsako opišem zgodovino in značilnosti posameznega obdobja in državne ureditve ter glavne institucije. Poudarek je na političnih in državnih organih. V tretjem delu podrobneje raziščem pojem države. Navedem osnovne poglede na teorijo države, tiste, ki sovpadajo z namenom diplomskega dela, pa tudi podrobno opišem. Poglobljeno obravnavam poglede antičnih mislecev ter njihove ideje o pojmu države. Podrobneje obdelam tudi državne ureditve in njihovo sestavo ter navajam, kako ustvariti idealno državo. Osredotočim se predvsem na Aristotela in Platona.The graduation thesis is divided in three parts. The first part presents the general characteristics of the period of ancient Greece. A phenomenon typical of the antique Greece, i.e. polis, is described in great detail. The thesis then delves into the essence of the polis and strives to establish whether a polis was a state. We continue with a series of theoretical questions of whether an antique Greek state was a nation or a national state, whether it was a real state or merely a type of community. We focus on the state orders of the antique city-states, i.e. poleis. The main state institutions typical of a given state order and the characteristics of the period are also described. The second part of the thesis outlines the development of two untypical but well-known cities, Athens and Sparta. The history of these cities and the characteristics of individual periods and state orders are described, along with a presentation of the main institutions. Emphasis is placed on political and state authorities. The third part investigates the concept of a state. The basic views of the theory of state are provided, whereas those overlapping with the purpose of our graduation thesis are described more thoroughly. The views of the great antique thinkers are presented in depth as well as their concepts of a state. We also examine the then state orders and their structures and suggest how to establish an ideal state. The focus is mainly on Aristotle and Plato