EMPLOYMENT ON A FARM

Poklica kmeta ne gre enačiti s klasičnimi poklici, saj se ta sooča z najrazličnejšimi vlogami, za katere, ob primarni – kmetovanju, potrebuje ustrezna znanja, če želi uspešno upravljati svojo kmetijo. V primeru potreb po delavcih je v vlogi delodajalca dolžan spoštovati in izvajati tudi vse relevantne predpise s področja delovnopravne zakonodaje. Zakonska določila, ki se navezujejo na sklepanje delovnih razmerij, so za kmeta sicer enaka kot za klasičnega delodajalca, vendar so za delavca odločilnega pomena tisti podatki, ki mu povedo, s kom na kmetiji sklepa pogodbo o zaposlitvi in kdo odgovarja za obveznosti iz delovnega razmerja. Prav to sta odločilni nejasnosti, ki se pojavljata pri zaposlovanju na kmetijah in sta obravnavani v nalogi. Diplomsko delo temelji na specifiki, ki jo že v osnovi narekuje narava dela v kmetijski dejavnosti, v ospredju pa so vprašanja, ki se postavljajo predvsem v praksi. Izhodišče predstavlja aktualno stanje v kmetijstvu ter poudarek na pojmu kmetije, ki zaradi svoje statusne neurejenosti povzroča nadaljnje težave pri ustrezni interpretaciji odgovornih oseb kmeta delodajalca. Zaposlovanje na kmetijah pri nas poznamo predvsem v smislu zaposlovanja družinskih članov, zaposlovanja tretjih oseb ni veliko. Razlogi se nahajajo v zakonodaji, ki ne upošteva posebnosti dela na kmetiji, neenakomerni potrebi po delavcih skozi leto ter stroških, ki so za kmete pogosto previsoki. Namen diplomskega dela je celovita predstavitev značilnosti in posebnosti zaposlovanja na kmetijah ter pregled pomembnejših predpisov, s katerimi morajo biti seznanjeni kmetje v vlogi delodajalca. Obravnavani so osnovni pojmi s področja izbrane teme, statistični podatki, sklepanje pogodb o zaposlitvi, vključno z drugimi oblikami opravljanja dela, ki se pojavljajo na kmetijah ter nakazanimi problemi povezanimi z zaposlovanjem na kmetijah. Delo je podprto z izkušnjami nosilcev nekaterih manjših kmetij, ki potrebo po delavcih rešujejo na različne načine, in razmišljanji o predlogih, s katerimi bi dolgoročno morebiti lahko nekoliko spodbudili zaposlovanje tretjih oseb na kmetijah.The work of a farmer cannot be compared to other professionsin addition to his primary job – i.e. farming – a farmer is obliged to take on various other roles and has to possess additional knowledge if he wishes to run his farm successfully. If extra employees are needed, he, as an employer, must respect and implement all relevant labour regulations. The statutory provisions on entering employment relationships are no different for farmers than for any other employerhowever, an employee needs to know with whom on the farm he is concluding a labour contract and who is responsible for all the obligations set out in the employment relationship. These two questions are responsible for a great deal of confusion when it comes to employment on farms and are therefore the subject of this thesis, which takes into account the specific nature of the work prevailing in agricultural activities and gives priority to questions arising in practice. The current state in agriculture is used as a starting point with an emphasis on the term farm, which due to its inconsistencies in status is responsible for further issues in the interpretation of persons responsible when the employer being a farmer. In Slovenia, farm labour is known especially in the form of employing family membersemployment of third persons is rare. The reasons for this can be found in legislation, as it does not consider the specific nature of farm work, the irregular demand for workers throughout the year, or costs, which are often too high for farmers. The purpose of this undergraduate thesis is to comprehensively present the characteristics and particularities of employment on farms, and give an overview of the most important regulations farmers must be acquainted with in their role as employers. Basic terms in the selected field, statistical data, concluding employment contracts, including other forms of work which are present on farms, and indicative problems connected to employment on farms are also discussed. The thesis is underlined with the experiences of several small-farm owners, who are trying to fulfil the need for workers in many different ways, as well as with thoughts on suggestions about how employing third persons could be facilitated in the long-term