DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF CHILDREN IN A ONE YEAR PERIOD

Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali obstajajo razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti otrok, starih od 5 do 10 let, v obdobju enega leta, in ali se dečki in deklice, stari od 5 do 10 let, v gibalni učinkovitosti med seboj statistično razlikujejo. Raziskava je bila opravljena na vzorcu 243 otrok, od tega je bilo 120 deklic in 123 dečkov. Otroci so v času opravljanja meritev obiskovali prvi, drugi, tretji, četrti in peti razred OŠ Pesnica, OŠ bratov Polančičev Maribor, OŠ Destrnik in vrtec Destrnik. Gibalno učinkovitost smo merili z za ta namen pripravljenimi testi, vsak posamezni test je meril drugo gibalno sposobnost. Zbrani podatki so bili obdelani z računalniškim programom SPSS Statistic 17.0 za Windows. Razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti otrok iz zgoraj omenjenih šol smo izračunali z analizo variance T-test za odvisne vzorce (razlike v obdobju enega leta) in T-test za neodvisne vzorce (razlike med dečki in deklicami). Rezultati kažejo, da so razlike v gibalni učinkovitosti otrok, starih od 5 do 10 let, v obdobju enega leta statistično značilne. Med dečki in deklicami pa v tem starostnem obdobju pri nekaterih gibalnih sposobnostih prihaja do statistično značilnih razlik (v eksplozivni moči — skok v daljino, pri hitrosti enostavnih gibov — plosk ter pri teku na 300 m — vzdržljivost), pri nekaterih pa spet ne (pri ravnotežju — flamingo, pri vizualno-gibalni koordinaciji — kocke ter pri koordinaciji gibanja celega telesa — obroči). Iz rezultatov lahko torej povzamemo, da se gibalne sposobnosti otrok, starih od 5 do 10 let, v obdobju enega leta spremenijo, pri nekaterih gibalnih sposobnostih se pojavijo med spoloma razlike, pri nekaterih pa je razvoj le-teh med spoloma enak oz. zelo podoben.The main aim of the research was to find out whether there are any differences in physical fitness in one year time between children, aged from 5 to 10 years. Besides that, the focus was also on the differences between boys and girls of the same age as mentioned before. The research was carried out on different primary schools, namely Pesnica Primary School, Bratov Polančič Maribor Primary School, Destrnik Primary School and Destrnik kindergarten. It involved 243 children, 120 were girls and 123 boys. At the time of the survey the children were in classes one, two, three, four and five. In order to assess their physical fitness levels, we used different tests, and each of them was used for different categories. The collected data was analysed with SPSS Statistic 17.0 computer program. The statistical differences were defined more precisely using the t-test for dependent variables (the differences within one year) and t-test for independent variables (the differences between boys and girls). Our results show that there are statistically significant differences between the children of different ages, while differences between boys and girls are in some cases significant (explosive power – long jump, speed of simple movements – clap, and running on 300 metres – endurance) and in some cases there are no significant differences (balance – flamingo, visualmotor coordination – cubes, and whole-body coordination – hoop). We have established that the level of physical fitness of the children changed in one year time. In some categories there are distinct differences in physical fitness between sexes, while in others, the differences are minimal or there are no differences at all