WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN DISTANT SETTLEMENTS

V diplomski nalogi smo želeli predstaviti zakonodajo iz področja čiščenja odpadnih voda in s tem v zvezi ceno odpadne vode, ki jo zaračunavajo javna podjetja porabnikom vode in uporabnikom javne kanalizacije. Omejili smo se na Koroško, kjer smo predstavili razmere v krajih Radlje ob Dravi, kjer nimajo čistilne naprave, in Dravograd, kjer jo imajo v poizkusni dobi. Primerjava izračuna cene odpadne vode je pokazala, da je cena trenutno v obeh krajih približno enakako pa bo v Dravogradu pričela stalno obratovati čistilna naprava, se bo tam cena odpadne vode povečala za predvidoma več kot trikrat. V nadaljevanju naloge smo predlagali vgraditev male biološke čistilne naprave do 2000 PE kot možno rešitev za tista gospodinjstva, kjer ni mogoč priključek na javno kanalizacijsko omrežje. Podatki za Slovenijo iz leta 2008 namreč kažejo, da na čistilnih napravah očistijo približno dobro polovico odpadne vode iz gospodinjstev. Iz male biološke čistilne naprave smo odvzeli vzorce odpadne vode na vtoku in iztoku. Vzorce smo analizirali glede na pomembne parametre, kot so KPK, BPK5, vsebnost NH4+ in PO4- ionov v vzorcu. Ugotovili smo, da je učinkovitost naprave glede odstranjevanja organskih delcev v malih bioloških čistilnih napravah nad 90 %. Rezultati analiz odpadne vode so pokazali, da je lahko učinkovitost čiščenja veliko nižja, če naprave ne vzdržujemo primerno.The aim of the diploma thesis was to present the legislation regarding waste water treatment, and methodology of determining the price for wastewater discharge. We limited our research to Carinthia region: we presented situation in Radlje ob Dravi without a wastewater treatment plant and in Dravograd with a wastewater treatment plant in trial period. The comparison of environmental taxes calculation showed, that the price is now in both places about the sameafter the new treatment plant will begin to operate permanent in Dravograd, the taxes will increase more than three times. The statistical data showed that almost half of wastewater from households was not treated by municipal wastewater plants in 2008. Therefore, in continuation of the assignment we suggested the installation of the smaller biological wastewater treatment plant for households that cannot be connected to public sewerage system. We took wastewater samples from feed and effluent of the small wastewater treatment plant. We analysed the samples according to parameters such as COD, BOD5, and content of NH4+ and PO4 - ions. We ascertained that efficiency of smaller plants reached up to 90 % as far as the removal of organic substances is concerned. The results of wastewater quality showed low COD removal efficiency if the plant is not properly maintained