FINANCING OF A BANK

Banke imajo vse od svojega nastanka zelo pomembno vlogo v življenju posameznika in družbe nasploh. S svojimi storitvami omogočajo družbi razne posle in transakcije, ki oblikujejo ekonomski del življenja. Banka kot posrednik med deficitnimi in suficitnimi finančnimi celicami omogoča na eni strani varčevanje in na drugi strani posojanje sredstev. Tako je financiranje eno glavnih aktivnosti in poslanstev banke, vendar sodobne banke ponujajo še ostale storitve, ki so prav tako zelo pomembne za gospodarstvo in prebivalstvo. Ker je banka pravzaprav podjetje, je njen glavni cilj dobiček. Poslovanje bank zato sledi predvsem podjetniškim načelom, a tudi bančnim, tehnološkim, informacijskim standardom in, kar je najpomembnejše, potrebam komitentov. Banke se financirajo predvsem z depoziti prebivalstva in mednarodnim bančnim zadolževanjem. Čeprav so glavni vir sredstev financiranja bank depoziti domačega prebivalstva, se lahko banke znajdejo v nezavidljivi situaciji zaradi makroekonomskih razmer, na katere nimajo vpliva. Velik problem bank predstavljata negotovost in nepredvidljivost dogajanja na svetovnih trgih. Situacija bank se lahko v zaostrenih razmerah močno poslabša, odvisno predvsem od značilnosti banke in od poslovanja v preteklosti. V obdobju svetovne finančne in gospodarske krize se pojavi predvsem upad zaupanja prebivalstva v bančni sektor in s tem zaostritev razmer v okviru pridobivanja sredstev prebivalstva in ostalih finančnih subjektov. Izhod iz krize lahko banke iščejo samo s pomočjo državnih ukrepov.Since banks have emerged they have very large impact on the life of the individual and society in general. Banks with their services, enable society various businesses and transactions, which form economic part of life. Banks, as intermediaries between deficit and surplus economic cells, enable saving on the one hand and lending on the other. Thus, financing is one of the main activities and missions of the banks. However modern banks offer also other services of high importance to the economy and population. Since bank essentially is an enterprise, its main aim is profit. Therefore, banks’ operations mainly follow the principles of entrepreneurship as well as banking, technology and information standards, and most importantly, the needs of customers. Banks are primarily financed through households’ deposits and international bank loans. Although main source of bank’s financing are deposits from domestic population, banks may find themselves in a bad situation due to macroeconomic conditions on which they have no impact. Banks major problem is an uncertain and unpredictable development of global markets. The situation of banks in the restricted conditions can severely aggravate, depending on the characteristics of the bank and the business performance in the past. There is a general decline of confidence in the banking sector during the period of global financial and economic crisis and consequently tightening of conditions for obtaining funds. Banks can seek the exit from the crisis only through government measures