The influence of nutrition on the growth and development of school-age children

Diplomsko delo prikazuje, kakšen vpliv ima prehrana na otroke v šolski dobi ter kakšne so njihove navade glede na ekonomski, socialni in kulturni status. Prikazali smo, katere vrste prehranjevalnih sestavin so ključne za rast in razvoj otrok ter opozorili na to, katero hrano je treba konzumirati več in bolj pogosto ter kateri se izogibati. Predstavili smo vlogo staršev, medicinske sestre v šolskem dispanzerju in delavcev šole za izboljšanje prehrane šolskih otrok. Izrazito je poudarjena vloga šole v smislu, da se učne vsebine o hrani in prehrani uporabljajo tako v praksi kot vsakodnevnem življenju. Na kratko smo se ozrli tudi na motnje prehranjevanja, ki nastanejo predvsem zaradi anomalij v prehrani in so najpogosteje posledica psihičnih moten. Namen raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli v januarju 2009, med učenci petih razredov Osnovne šole Delnice, je bil ugotoviti vpliv zdrave in pravilne prehrane na rast in razvoj šolskih otrok in kateri so tisti dejavniki tveganja, ki delujejo na telesno težo šolskih otrok. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na to, da imajo šolski otroci radi suho, nekuhano hrano, predvsem mesne izdelke in veliko sladic. Jedo pa premalo sadja in zelenjave ter pijejo premalo tekočine. Prav takšen način prehrane pa negativno vpliva na rast in razvoj šolskih otrok, saj povzroča debelost. Do takšnega zaključka smo prišli na podlagi dejstva, da se 60% anketiranih otrok prehranjuje nezdravo in uživa preveč maščob in sladic ter da ima več kot polovica anketiranih otrok zvišan IBM za kar 10%. Rezultati potrjujejo hipoteze, da se otroci premalo gibljejo in ukvarjajo s športom. V skladu s tem je prehrana šolskih otrok v ožji povezavi z načinom življenja, rase in kulture. Pri tem smo izvzeli nepravilno prehrano, na prvi pogled privlačno, vendar po svoji sestavi in načinu priprave nezdravo in zdravju škodljivo.The thesis demonstrates the impact of nutrition on the school-aged children, their eating habits in relation to their economic, social and cultural status. We have presented the particular victuals that are of considerable importance for the growth and development of the children. We have also pointed out to the food that one should consume more often, and the food that one should avoid. We have shown the role of parents, a nurse in the school dispensary and school staff with the aim of improving nutrition of school-aged children. Special emphasis is put on the role of school in the sense that nutrition education material should be used both in praxis and in everyday life. We elaborated shortly on the nutrition disorders, which are the consequence of psychological disorders, and are caused mostly by the nutrition anomalies. The aim of the research conducted among the students of 5th class of the Primary school in Delnice in January 2009, was to ascertain the influence of healthy and appropriate nutrition on the health and development of school-aged children and find the risk factors, which affect the weight of school-aged children. The research results show that the school children are fond of dry, uncooked food, especially meat products and sweets. They don’t eat enough fruits and vegetables and don’t drink enough liquids. Exactly that sort of nutrition has a negative effect on the growth and development of school-aged children, because it causes overweight. We came to that conclusion with the help of the fact that more than 60% of the children eat unhealthy and consume too many fats and sweets, and that more than half of the children’s BMI is higher than normal for about 10%. The results confirm the hypotheses that children are not active enough and don’t do enough sports. According to that, the nutrition of school children is closely connected with the manner of living, race and culture. In respect to that, we have to mention inappropriate nutrition, at first glance appealing, but very unhealthy and harmful when observing the ingredients and way of preparatio