The role of nurse in the trial of patient with blood loss during anaesthesia and surgery

Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre pri obravnavi bolnikov z izgubo krvi v času anestezije in operacije, kakor tudi doseči zastavljene cilje, ki temeljijo na znanju in usposobljenosti anestezijskih medicinskih sester, da prepoznajo možnosti za nastanek krvavitve, poznajo načine dajanja transfuzije in pravilnega ukrepanja, ter zdravstveni negi pacienta v času operacije in nadomeščanja izgubljene krvi s transfuzijo. V sklopu diplomskega dela smo predstavili problem krvavitve in nadomeščanja izgube krvi s transfuzijo, kar v današnjem času predstavlja velik zdravstveni problem. V teoretičnem diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivni raziskovalni pristop in metodo kompilacije. Delo je sestavljeno iz dveh teoretičnih delov, ki vsak po svoje opiše zastavljeno problematiko. V prvem, medicinskem delu, predstavimo anestezijo, operacijo, krvavitev, hemoragični šok in transfuzijo. V drugem delu pa opisujemo vlogo medicinske sestre pri problemu nadomeščanja krvi s sistemom za avtotransfuzijo Cell Saver 5, njegovo uporabo in delovanje ter kot najpomembnejše, zdravstveno nego takšnega pacienta, spremljanje njegovega stanja v času anestezije in operacije. Pomembno je, da anestezijska medicinska sestra s svojim znanjem in izkušnjami pripomore k doseganju ciljev tako samostojno kot v delovanju s celotnim timom v času operacije, da pravočasno prepozna znake, ki lahko vodijo v hemoragični šok, zna v določenem trenutku pravilno ukrepati in s tem pripomoči k ohranitvi bolnikovega življenja.The purpose of graduation thesis was to show the role of nurse in the treatment of patients with the bleeding during the time of the anaesthesia and operation. Beside this, we want to stress out the importance of achieving its goals based on knowledge and competence of anaesthetic nurses to recognize the risk of bleeding, familiar ways of transfusion proccess and proper action as well as the patient medical care during the operation and the replacement of the blood loss by transfusion. During graduation thesis we specified the problem of bleeding and replacement of the lost blood by transfusion which is in nowdays an important problem. In the theoretical part we used the descriptive research approach and the method of compilation. The graduation thesis is composed of two theoretical parts. The first part is based on the medicical point of view and it is explaining the role of anaesthesia, surgery, bleeding, haemorrhagic shock and transfusion. The second part describes the role of the nurse in the replacement of blood loss with a system for autotransfusion Cell Saver 5, its use and handling, as well as taking care of the patient and following the vital signs during the time of anaesthesia and surgery. It is important that the anaesthhetic nurse with the knowledge and experiences contributes to achievements of the goals as an independent nurse and as being a part of the whole team during the time of operation, to timely identify the signs that may lead to haemorrhagic skock, act properly in given situation and helps maintain patients life