銀耳(Tremella fuciformis)多醣體量產關鍵技術及機能性產品之開發－銀耳機能性保健功效之研究及產品開發

[[abstract]]銀耳為天然食用與藥用真菌，富含豐富營養物質，具有補腎、潤肺、補氣、健腦、美容及延年益 壽等功效。科學研究也證實，銀耳多醣具降低小鼠血糖與低密度膽固醇含量、抗發炎、促進淋巴球增生與血小板細胞及脾臟巨噬細胞的活性，能提升人體免疫力之功能。國內2008 年銀耳消費量達300噸，然而2009 年元月由中國大陸輸入的銀耳被檢出有殺蟲劑、農藥及二氧化硫，因此自行量產銀耳多醣體為當務之急。銀耳之多醣體在保健食品及美容產業上有很大的潛力，若能將銀耳多醣開發一系列保健產品，應可大幅提升銀耳的使用量及產值。因此本計畫第一年之研究目包含: (1)進行銀耳菌株分子標幟之鑑定;(2)進行銀耳子實體萃取物之抗氧化活性測試，並探討提高益生菌生長以活化免疫調解細胞之作用。第二年之研究目的包含: (1)建立專屬之銀耳分子鑑定引子; (2)評估銀耳萃取物改善視網膜之功能及降低罹患老年性眼睛疾病之機率。第三年之研究目的包含: (1)鑑定銀耳種內與種間之距離;(2)建立銀耳萃取物作用於眼睛視網膜之動物模式。本計畫之研究成果期望能做為開發銀耳機能性保健產品之依據，並能將此研究成果技術轉移至產業界，以供國內市場之所需及提升保健食品產業之國際競爭力。 Tremella fuciformis is a natural edible and medical fungus. It contains of very rich nutrients which can protect the health of kidney, lung, brain, and improve facial skin and prolong the life. The scientific researches also confirmed that Tremella fuciformis consists of polysaccharide which can reduce the blood sugar in mouse, low density cholesterol, inflammation, and promote the roliferation of lymphocytes and platelets and macrophage activities in spleen. It also can increase the human immunity. In 2008, the consumption of Tremella fuciformis was 300 tons in Taiwan; however the pesticide and the sulphur dioxide were detected from Tremella fuciformis which was imported from China in 2009. Therefore, it is an urgent matter to produce safe products of Tremella fuciformis. The polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis are very high potential in the health food and cosmetic industry. If we put lots efforts in the development of fuctional products of Tremella fuciformis, it will be able to promote the consumption of Tremella fuciformis and to increase its added value. Therefore, the research goals of first year in this plan include: (1) To identify molecular markers of Tremella fuciformis; (2) To examine the anti-oxidation ability of Tremella fuciformis extract, and to study how Tremella fuciformis extract promotes the growth of probiotics and affects the activity of immunal cells. The research goals of second year include: (1) To establish the primers of molecular markers of Tremella fuciformis; (2) To examine the functions of Tremella fuciformis extract to improve retina failure, and to evaluate the reduction probability of Tremella fuciformis extract to senile eye disease. Finally, the research goals of third year include: (1) To identify the distances between intra- and inter- species of Tremella fuciformis; (2) To establish the animal model of Tremella fuciformis extract to affect retina. The results of this research plan will become the fundation to further develop Tremella fuciformis extract as health food products. In addition, the technology plateform established by this research will be transfered to the industry to supply the needs of domestic market, and also to promote the international competitiveness of Taiwan health food industry