The Decline of the Chauvinistic Model of Chinese Masculinity: A Research Report

Our study is the first study to explore the transformation of Chinese gender stereotypes over a thirty-year period. Based on the field research conducted in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People\u27s Republic of China, and supplemental data in Shanghai, Beijing, and Nanjing, we examine the way men and women\u27s supposed essence has been objectified in folk ideology to form a cognitive or ideal model of gender. We argue that there is a decline in the 1980s chauvinistic model of masculinity that centered around a simplistic dichotomy of wén (scholarly)/wŭ (oriented toward bold action); whereby masculinity is associated with a presumption of superiority and contempt toward women to a newer form of masculinity organized around a blend of wén and wŭ cultural traits that highlight confidence, decisiveness, politeness, and a cool demeanor, along with a heightened respect for females