Background: The origin of nuclear receptors (NRs) and the question whether the ancestral NR was a liganded or an unliganded transcription factor has been recently debated. To obtain insight into the evolution of the ligand binding ability of estrogen receptors (ER), we comparatively characterized the ER from the protochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), and the ER from lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate. Results: Extensive phylogenetic studies as well as signature analysis allowed us to confirm that the amphioxus ER (amphiER) and the lamprey ER (lampER) belong to the ER group. LampER behaves as a "classical" vertebrate ER, as it binds to specific DNA Estrogen Responsive Elements (EREs), and is activated by estradiol (E...
Abstract. Although, as their names imply, vertebrate and invertebrate estrogen receptors [ERs] and e...
where 5 mollusk ER sequences as well as amphiER and amphiNR3C were omitted. The position of those se...
Abstract. Lamprey, a basal vertebrate, contains orthologs of the estrogen receptor [ER], progesteron...
Ed. Two hypotheses are compared in terms of parsimony, whether the ancestral ER was liganded (in blu...
*Background.* The origins of steroid-dependent regulation of the vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) ...
In the last decade, there has been important progress in understanding the origins and evolution of ...
The origins of signaling by vertebrate steroids are not fully understood. An important advance was ...
Lamprey, basal vertebrate, is an important model system for understanding early events in vertebrate...
Es from the NR3 subfamily in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains is indicated. Amino acid sequence o...
Background Lamprey, basal vertebrate, is an important model system for understanding early events in...
Es from the NR3 subfamily in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains is indicated. Amino acid sequence o...
Receptors for the adrenal and sex steroids arose by a series of gene duplications from an ancestral ...
6 topologies ("ER-tree") place amphiER within the ER clade, the 3 remaining topologies ("alter-ER tr...
Many actions of estradiol (E2), the principal physiological estrogen in vertebrates, are mediated by...
An ERα []. Amino acids from human ERα making direct hydrogen bonds with Eare indicated in green. Ami...
Abstract. Although, as their names imply, vertebrate and invertebrate estrogen receptors [ERs] and e...
where 5 mollusk ER sequences as well as amphiER and amphiNR3C were omitted. The position of those se...
Abstract. Lamprey, a basal vertebrate, contains orthologs of the estrogen receptor [ER], progesteron...
Ed. Two hypotheses are compared in terms of parsimony, whether the ancestral ER was liganded (in blu...
*Background.* The origins of steroid-dependent regulation of the vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) ...
In the last decade, there has been important progress in understanding the origins and evolution of ...
The origins of signaling by vertebrate steroids are not fully understood. An important advance was ...
Lamprey, basal vertebrate, is an important model system for understanding early events in vertebrate...
Es from the NR3 subfamily in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains is indicated. Amino acid sequence o...
Background Lamprey, basal vertebrate, is an important model system for understanding early events in...
Es from the NR3 subfamily in the DNA- and ligand-binding domains is indicated. Amino acid sequence o...
Receptors for the adrenal and sex steroids arose by a series of gene duplications from an ancestral ...
6 topologies ("ER-tree") place amphiER within the ER clade, the 3 remaining topologies ("alter-ER tr...
Many actions of estradiol (E2), the principal physiological estrogen in vertebrates, are mediated by...
An ERα []. Amino acids from human ERα making direct hydrogen bonds with Eare indicated in green. Ami...
Abstract. Although, as their names imply, vertebrate and invertebrate estrogen receptors [ERs] and e...
where 5 mollusk ER sequences as well as amphiER and amphiNR3C were omitted. The position of those se...
Abstract. Lamprey, a basal vertebrate, contains orthologs of the estrogen receptor [ER], progesteron...