In molecular biology, a fruitful assumption is that proteins sharing close three dimensional structures may share a common function and in most cases derive from a same ancestor. Computing the similarity between two protein structures is therefore a crucial task and has been extensively investigated. Among all the proposed methods, we focus on the similarity measure called Contact Map Overlap maximisation (CMO), mainly because it provides scores which can be used for obtaining good automatic classifications of the protein structures. In this thesis, comparing two protein structures is modelled as finding specific sub-graphs in specific k-partite graphs called alignment graphs. Then, we model CMO as a kind of maximum edge induced sub-graph p...