A non-local description of advection-diffusion with application to dispersion in porous media

When the lengthscales and timescales on which a transport process occur are not much larger than the scales of variations in the velocity field experienced by a tracer particle, a description of the transport in terms of a local, averaged macroscale version of Fick's law is not applicable. Here, a non-local transport theory is developed in which the average mass flux is not simply proportional to the average local concentration gradient, but is given by a convolution integral over space and time of the average concentration gradient times a spatial- and temporal-wavelength-dependent diffusivity. The non-local theory is applied to the transport of a passive tracer in the advective field that arises in the bulk fluid of a porous medium, and the complete residence-time distribution - space-time response to a unit source input - of the tracer is determined. It is also shown how the method of moments may be simply recovered as a special case of the non-local theory. While developed in the context of and applied to tracer dispersion in porous media, the non-local theory presented here is applicable to the general problem of determining the average transport behaviour in advection-diffusion-type systems in which spatial and temporal variations are occurring on scales comparable with the scale of interest