Lys35 of PsaC is required for the efficient photoreduction of flavodoxin by photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The photoreduction of the oxidized and the semiquinone form of flavodoxin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by the photosystem I (PSI) of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the mutant strains Lys35Asp, Lys35Glu and Lys35Arg was analysed by flash-absorption spectroscopy to investigate the role of residue Lys35 of the PSI subunit PsaC in flavodoxin reduction. For PSI preparations from C. reinhardtii the reduction of oxidized flavodoxin was monoexponential and approached limiting electron transfer rates similar to those of cyanobacterial PSI from the wild-type and the Lys35Arg mutant. For PSI from the Lys35Glu mutant, however, a approximately 2.5-fold smaller value was determined. The photoreduction of flavodoxin semiquinone by PSI from C. reinhardtii lacked fast first-order kinetic components and, in contrast with PSI from cyanobacteria, displayed only a single concentration-dependent phase. From this phase, second-order rate constants were calculated for wild-type PSI and PSI from the Lys35Arg mutant which were comparable to those of PSI from cyanobacteria. For PSI from the Lys35Glu and the Lys35Asp mutants the derived second-order rate constants were 19 and 10 times smaller. Thus, the inversion of charge at position 35 of PsaC negatively affects the rate of electron transfer to both forms of flavodoxin, whereas PSI complexes that retain a positive charge at this position show wild-type kinetics. However, the positive charge at this position of PsaC is not essential for flavodoxin photoreduction as the number of flavodoxin molecules reduced per PSI was similar for all of the PSI complexes investigated. In addition, chemical cross-linking assays showed that the binary cross-linking product between flavodoxin and PsaC of PSI from wild-type C. reinhardtii was not formed with PSI complexes from the Lys13Asp and Lys35Glu mutants. This indicates that Lys35 of PsaC is probably essential for the chemical cross-link between PsaC and flavodoxin. Taken together, these experiments show that Lys35 of PsaC plays a strikingly similar role in the electron transfer from PSI to both ferredoxin and flavodoxin