Impairment of Eye Lens Cell Physiology and Optics by Broadband Ultraviolet A–Ultraviolet B Radiation

The phototoxicity of ultraviolet A (UVA) alone and UVA plus ultraviolet B (UVB) combined on cultured porcine lenses was investigated by analyzing cellular function as measured with a fluorescence bioassay approach and optical integrity, in terms of sharpness of the lens focus as measured with a scanning laser system. The bioassay consisted of carboxyfluorescein diacetate-acetoxymethyl ester and alamarBlue fluorescent dyes. Aseptically dissected porcine lenses were maintained in modified medium 199 without phenol red supplemented with 1% penicillin–streptomycin and 4% porcine serum. At 1 week of preincubation, baseline measurements were obtained. Then the lenses were treated with single exposures of different UVA and UVB energy levels. The lenses treated with 86 J/cm2 UVA alone showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cellular and optical integrity at 48 h after exposure, whereas those treated with 43 J/cm2 UVA alone did not show significant phototoxic effect. Lenses treated with 15.63 J/cm2 UVA plus 0.019 J/cm2 UVB combined showed significant adverse effects beginning from 48 h after exposure. Also, there was no recovery. These findings show that a high UVA dose alone and relatively low UVA in combination with low UVB radiant exposure can impair lens cellular and optical functions, respectively