System characteristics of the shadow economy and its components

Охарактеризовано домінуючі ознаки тіньової економіки. Досліджено системні властивості прихованого та підпільного секторів тінізації, взаємовідносини із офіційною економікою. Введено у науковий обіг поняття «природний рівень тіньової економіки».The purpose of the article is to study the system characteristics of the shadow economy and its components. The specific properties of the shadow economy: dominated latency, adaptability, structuring, duality, emergency, ability to self-organization, selective ignoring the legislation, stochasticity of evolution are summarized. The comparative analysis of the key features of the hidden and underground sectors is made. The term «natural level of the shadow economy» is proposed for the scientific use, according to the corresponding figures of unemployment and inflation. We prove that, as in all countries "natural" level of the shadow economy is available, it can not be completely eliminated. It is shown that in the economic sphere of Ukraine there is the most common practice of ignoring formal rules and regulations not total but selective. It is proved that the hidden sector of shadow economy in the relations with the formal economy is a partner and competitor at the same time, because it has market origin and its dominant features are the latent nature of distributing and operating. The duality of positive and negative effects of shadowing on the official economy in the context of cycling is examined. It is concluded that various interests of the official and informal segment of the economy are situational: in destabilizing impact on the social and economic system – it is an antagonist of the public authorities of the country, but if the shadow economy supports the sustainable development of the national economy – it is an assistant and ally. Prospects for further research are the analysis and modification of the interaction of the official and shadow systems considering the specific features of the shadow component of the national economy