CELL FITTING TO ADHESIVE SURFACES: A PREREQUISITE TO FIRM ATTACHMENT AND SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

International audienceCell adhesion usually involves extensive shape reorganiza-tion. This process is important because i) it is required for efficient cross-linking of interacting surfaces by adhesion receptors the length of which does not exceed several tens of nanometers and ii) it influences subsequent cell differ-entiation and activation. This review focuses on the initial phase of cell deformation, preceding the extensive reor-ganization process known as spreading. This first phase includes local flattening at the micrometer scale and mem-brane alignment at the nanometer level, resulting in fitting of the cell to an adhesive surface. Three main points are considered. First, experimental methods available to study cell apposition to a surface are described, with an emphasis on interference reflection microscopy. Second, selected experimental evidence is presented to show that there is a quantitative relationship between "adhesiveness" and "con-tact extension", and some theoretical models aimed at re-lating these parameters are briefly sketched. Third, experi-mental data on the kinetics of initial contact extension are described and possible mechanisms for driving this exten-sion are discussed, including nonspecific forces, receptor-mediated interactions, active cell movements or passive membrane fluctuations. It is concluded that both passive physical phenomena and random active cell movements are possible candidates for the initial triggering of contact ex-tension