High prevalence of misbelieves about epilepsy at the community level and scarce availability of antiepileptic drugs (AED) are underlying factors to poor access to treatment for people with epilepsy (PWE). The success in reducing the epilepsy treatment gap (ETG) relies on improving the access to adequate medical care and the level of adherence to the AED. Which public health measures could be implemented to reduce the ETG in Lao PDR, where the ETG is estimated to 99.6%? This thesis highlights some answers. The indirect method is an effective way to measure the ETG in low and middle-income countries. Few medical staff is able to diagnose epilepsy and initiate an adequate treatment for PWE. Medical staff shares false beliefs prevailing at the ...