Electric vehicles to support large wind power penetration in future danish power systems

Electric Vehicles (EVs) could play major role in the future intelligent grids to support a large penetration of renewable energy in Denmark, especially electricity production from wind turbines. The future power systems aims to phase-out big conventional fossil-fueled generators with large number of variable wind turbines which results in the need for additional balancing power. One of the alternate and local solutions for negotiating the power fluctuations of variable generation could be utilised from the smart charging and discharging of battery storages of EVs operating as flexible demand and generation. This paper analyses power balancing support services from EVs and the feasible levels of electric vehicle integration possible to provide grid ancillary services in Danish power systems. This evaluation is conducted on typical wind dominated distribution and transmission networks in Denmark. The analyses show that EV integration of around 10% is capable of providing sufficient grid regulation services in Danish power systems to support wind power penetration of around 50% in Denmark. The aggregated EV penetration levels quantified on system levels are validated with impact assessment studies on low voltage residential networks. Significant amount of EVs could be integrated in local distribution grids with the support of intelligent grid and smart charging strategies.