Methods to Minimize Zero-Missing Phenomenon

With the increasing use of high-voltage AC cables at transmission levels, phenomena such as current zero-missing start to appear more often in transmission systems. Zero-missing phenomenon can occur when energizing cable lines with shunt reactors. This may considerably delay the opening of the circuit breaker, leaving the system unprotected and vulnerable to failures. Methods to prevent zero-missing phenomenon are still being studied and compared in order to identify effective countermeasures. This paper contributes to these efforts, by presenting several countermeasures that can be applied to reduce the hazards of zero-missing phenomenon. The authors discovered that this phenomenon can be eliminated, merely by using an extra circuit breaker or a pre-insertion resistor