The Application of Load-cell Technique in the Study of Armour Unit Responses to Impact Loads Tests

The slender, complex types of armour units, such as Tetrapods and Dolosse arewidely used for rubble mound breakwaters. Many of the recent failures of suchstructures were caused by unforeseen early breakage of the units, thus revealingan in balance between the strength (structural integrity) of the units and thehydraulic stability (resistance to displacements) of the armour layers. Breakageis caused by stresses from static, pulsating and impact loads. Impact load generated stresses are difficult to investigate due to non-linear scaling laws. Thepaper describes a method by which impact loads on. slender armour units canbe studied. by load-cell technique. Moreover, the paper presents DoJos designdiagrams for the prediction of both breakage and hydraulic stabilit