Aquaporin 11 is related to cryotolerance and fertilising ability of frozen–thawed bull spermatozoa

Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins involved in the transport of water and solutes across biological membranes. In the present study we identified and localised aquaporin 11 (AQP11) in bull spermatozoa and investigated the relationship between the relative AQP11 content, sperm cryotolerance and the fertilising ability of frozen–thawed semen. Bull ejaculates were classified into two groups of good and poor freezability and assessed through immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses before and after cryopreservation. AQP11 was localised throughout the entire tail and along the sperm head. These findings were confirmed through immunoblotting, which showed a specific band of approximately 50 kDa corresponding to AQP11. The relative amount of AQP11 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in both fresh and frozen–thawed spermatozoa from bull ejaculates with good freezability compared with those with poorer freezability. In addition, in vitro oocyte penetration rates and non-return rates 56 days after AI were correlated with the relative AQP11 content in fresh spermatozoa. In conclusion, AQP11 is present in the head and tail of bull spermatozoa and its relative amount in fresh and frozen–thawed spermatozoa is related to the resilience of the spermatozoa to withstand cryopreservation and the fertilising ability of frozen–thawed spermatozoa. Further research is needed to elucidate the actual role of sperm AQP11 in bovine fertility.The authors acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain, through the following grants: JCI-2011-09616 (to RoserMorató), RYC-2014-15581 (to Marc Yeste) and AGL2013-47798-P (to Sergi Bonet).The authors also acknowledge the support of the Regional Government of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain) through Grant no. 2009-SGR-745 and a PhD Studentship awarded to Noelia Prieto MartínezS