An Optimizing the Control of DC Motors in CNC Machines by Enhancing the Parameters of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) system

In this article, the PID controller design for a DC motor used in a CNC machine is discussed, with a focus on rotor angular speed regulation. A DC electric motor is an electrical machine that utilizes DC current to generate mechanical torque, which is essential in CNC applications. The PID controller, or Proportional-Integral-Derivative, is often employed to regulate the speed of DC motors based on desired parameters. This approach not only addresses the technical aspects of PID controller design but also integrates action research methods to enhance understanding and practical implementation in the context of using DC motors in CNC machines. In this study, the design of a DC motor controller with a PID closed-loop block aims to reduce the rise time value in the transfer function design. By applying the PID controller to a rotor speed of 13 rad/s, experimental results show a settling time of approximately 0.68 seconds and an overshoot of 3.02%. The lowest rise time achieved is around 136.893 milliseconds.   Keywords: PID, DC Motor, CNC Machine, Matla