Bidadari dan Patriarki: Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Amina Wadud dan Ibnu Katsir

The interpretation of verses about heavenly maidens, such as Huur and Azwaaj, has raised doubts among the public about their meanings. This is because some interpreters are believed to utilize their interpretations to either support or strengthen views that degrade women or emphasize the gender hierarchy within the patriarchal system, leading to bias. Additionally, there is a perception that Ibn Kathir is a patriarchal commentator. This article examines the meanings of Huur and Azwaaj from the perspectives of Amina Wadud and Ibn Kathir with the aim of obtaining comprehensive and relevant results. Therefore, this research employs a qualitative method that generates descriptive data in the form of written words, using a library research model. The research findings indicate that Ibn Kathir's views on the interpretation of heavenly maidens cannot be considered biased; rather, he interprets them through tafsir bil’matsur. His understanding is traditional, supplemented by discussions related to heavenly maidens as eschatological knowledge that cannot be fully comprehended by humans without evidence or narrations. There are three factors that differentiate Amina Wadud and Ibn Kathir in their perspectives: gender equality, the interpretation of related verses, and differences in tradition