The Association Between Sex and Osteoarthritis in the Physically Active Population: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Intense sporting activity and certain types of work increase the risk of early osteoarthritis (OA). OA can be idiopathic or associated to certain predisposing factors: female sex, obesity, history of joint injury, and joint overuse. The role of gender among the active population as a predisposing factor for OA is not well clear. This study investigated whether the risk of OA changes with age in both sexes in physically active individuals. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science databases were accessed in April 2021. No time constrains were used for the search. All the published clinical studies reporting data about relationship between physical activity and OA were included. Results: Data from 7 articles were retrieved including 360,053 patients (271,903 males; 88,150 females). The mean age was 48.2±16.7 years. Males, under the age of 60 had a higher risk of developing OA. People undertaking intense physical activity, such as professional athletes or heavy workers, are more prone to develop early OA. Conclusion: Physically active males demonstrated a higher risk of developing OA