Impact Of Anemia On Feto-Maternal Outcomes In One Of The Tertiary Care Hospitals In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Background: Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a major cause of anemia and can have significant negative effects on both maternal and fetal outcomes. It has been associated with low birth weight, prematurity, perinatal mortality, increased risk of maternal infections, and impaired neurodevelopment of infants. Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of fetomaternal outcomes in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in Mardan medical complex, Mardan. The study was a descriptive case series conducted between December 2020 and May 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Methods: A total of 125 pregnant women with anemia were included in the study. The participants were followed up until delivery, and fetomaternal outcomes such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, prolonged labor, low Apgar score, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and early neonatal death were noted as per operational definition. Results: The age range of the participants was between 18 and 40 years with a mean age of 27.784±3.13 years. The mean gestational age was 30.112±2.89 weeks. Gestational hypertension was observed in 47.2% of the patients, preeclampsia in 60.8%, postpartum hemorrhage in 33.6%, prolonged labor in 40%, low Apgar score in 50.4%, low birth weight in 30.4%, preterm delivery in 28.8%, and early neonatal death in 8%. Conclusions: The study concluded that maternal anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia, is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia should be closely monitored and treated promptly to reduce the risk of feto-maternal complications. Keywords: Pregnancy, Iron deficiency anemia, Feto-maternal outcomes. &nbsp