Synergistic effects of ultrasonic vibration and isothermal treatment on the peritectic transformation and microstructure evolution of Cu–Sn alloy

To facilitate and even complete the peritectic transformation, the ultrasonic vibration (USV) and isothermal treatment were applied to the solidification process of Cu–70Sn alloy. It was found that the peritectic transformation was difficult to carry out due to the limited atomic diffusion under the normal solidification condition. With the single isothermal treatment, the peritectic transformation could be enhanced to some extent, with a small amount of η phase (Cu6Sn5) formed relying on the coarse elongated primary ε phase (Cu3Sn), but the further prolongation of isothermal time led to the abnormally coarsening of microstructure. When the molten alloy was subjected to 1500W USV and 30 min isothermal treatment, the peritectic transformation was dramatically facilitated. The ultrasonic-induced effects of cavitation and acoustic streaming play an important role in the remarkable reduction in the curvature radius of primary ε phase, thereby enhancing the diffusion of Sn solute atoms from the liquid phase to the interior of ε phase at the following isothermal stage. Accordingly, the transformation degree of ε phase to η phase was increased up to 77 %, and there was a high volume fraction of primary ε phase could thoroughly complete the peritectic transformation