Characterization and genetic studies for grain iron content and agronomic traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) population of maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize, a vital cereal crop, serves as a staple food, animal feed, and industrial ingredient. An experiment was conducted during Rabi 2018 and Spring 2019, to assess genetic variability in RIL population of the cross GLY 6 (low iron content, strong agronomic traits) and CML 296 (high iron content). Variability was observed in kernel iron content and 11 agronomic traits, indicating differences among RILs. Moderate genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for kernel iron content were observed across seasons. High heritability and moderate genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were recorded. Traits related to yield had narrow GCV and PCV, suggesting potential for improvement through selection. Moderate to high heritability and GAM were noted for many traits, indicating less environmental influence and potential scope for direct selection to enhance micronutrient content and yield. Yield per plot showed negative correlation with kernel iron content in both seasons. Pooled analysis showed no significant seasonal impact on grain iron concentration among 120 RILs. Transgressive segregants indicates scope for nutrient enrichment and higher grain yielding potential