ZmLBD1 regulates root phenotypic traits.

(A) Root phenotypic traits of WT and zmlbd1 mutant of maize at seedling stage. (B) Overexpression of ZmLBD1 partially restored lateral root growth in lbd16 lbd18. C1#, C2# and C3# represent the three overexpression lines of ZmLBD1 in lbd16 lbd18 mutant. (C) Root length, (D) Root surface area, (E) Root volume, and (F) Root tips were compared between the WT and zmlbd1 mutant. Each was replicated three times, using more than ten plants of each genotype for each replication. (G) The statistical analysis of lateral roots number is from (B). The bar graphs show the means and error bars represent standard deviation. Significant differences between means were determined using Student’s t-test. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns = not significantly different. Three biological repeats were carried out; more than 9 plants of each genotype were used for each biological repeat.