IPA comparative analysis of the RNA-seq data.

Differentially expressed genes between the COVID-19 patients and the control groups were compared in the comparative IPA analysis for toxicity lists and toxicity functions. The following RNA-seq sample sets were obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO): GSE152075 (A, nasopharyngeal swab), GSE163151 (B, nasopharyngeal swab), GSE169241 (C, human heart autopsy tissues), GSE157103 (D, leukocyte), and GSE152641 (E, whole blood). ICU patients and non-ICU patients were compared in the GSE157103 sample set (F).