Lessons from the past for future directions: EU’s resilience to migration challenges

Migration is a continued process that causes both positive and negative effects. This study investigates the EU’s resilience to migration challenges taking into consideration a comparative analysis of the European refugee crisis of 2015 and the influx of refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian invasion. On the one hand, the European refugee crisis of 2015 raised doubts about the EU’s ability to manage a humanitarian crisis, highlight ing the necessity for enhancing its crisis management. However, the EU learned valuable lessons from that crisis, leading to a decrease in illegal border crossings and an improvement of its ability to anticipate future im migration patterns, and its resilience against migration challenges