Towards sustainable and intelligent machining: energy footprint and tool condition monitoring for media-assisted processes

Reducing energy consumption is a necessity towards achieving the goal of net-zero manufacturing. In this paper, the overall energy footprint of machining Ti-6Al-4V using various cooling/lubrication methods is investigated taking the embodied energy of cutting tools and cutting fluids into account. Previous studies concentrated on reducing the energy consumption associated with the machine tool and cutting fluids. However, the investigations in this study show the significance of the embodied energy of cutting tool. New cooling/lubrication methods such as WS2-oil suspension can reduce the energy footprint of machining through extending tool life. Cutting tools are commonly replaced early before reaching their end of useful life to prevent damage to the workpiece, effectively wasting a portion of the embodied energy in cutting tools. A deep learning method is trained and validated to identify when a tool change is required based on sensor signals from a wireless sensory toolholder. The results indicated that the network is capable of classifying over 90% of the tools correctly. This enables capitalising on the entirety of a tool’s useful life before replacing the tool and thus reducing the overall energy footprint of machining processes