Bocaviruses - new parvoviruses pathogenic for humans and dogs

This review aims at presentation of a group of parvoviruses, that gain the significance in small animals. Bocaparvovirus 1 (CaBoV1, minute virus of canines), was identified in 1967. Majority of CaBoV1 infections in dogs appear to be subclinical. However, there are also studies, confirming that CaBoV1 is dangerous, especially for developing fetuses, for young puppies and for elderly dogs. Canine Bocaparvovirus 2 (CaBoV2), was identified in 2012 in a litter of puppies, in association with respiratory signs resulting from interstitial pneumonia and with massive enteritis with atrophied and fused villi, severe crypts regeneration, and severe bone marrow and lymphoid atrophy. A third canine bocaparvovirus (CaBoV3), was identified in the liver of a dog with circovirus coinfection. In 2005, the human bocavirus (HBoV), has been isolated from respiratory tract and has been reported worldwide with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 18.3% in samples from children with upper respiratory tract infections. Three more enteric, human bocaviruses (HBoV2–4), have been found in stool samples. HBoV infections are significantly more frequent in children from 6 month to 3 year of age. So far, no HBoV-specific clinical symptoms are known. Bocaparvoviruses were also isolated from other animal species, including pigs, cats, gorilla, sea lions, rodents and bats