Obstetric surgery

Porodništvo, kao najstarija medicinska struka, uvela je kirurške zahvate kada se javila potreba za pomoći kod porođaja, koji je stao iz raznih razloga. Primitivni porođaji rukama i instrumentima bili su prve operacije kojima je cilj bio poroditi dijete, no rezultati takvih operacija bili su negativni. Starorimske i starogrčke primalje koristile su se raznim kukama i kliještima. Za razliku od tada, danas postoji više vrsta porodničkih operacija, zbog spoznaja današnje fetomaternalne i klasične opstetricije. Porodničke operacije podrazumijevaju sve kirurške zahvate koji se izvode u trudnoći, porođaju i babinju, a uključuju i metode asistirane reprodukcije. Carski rez je najčešća „velika“ instrumentalno-manualna porodnička operacija, a primjenjuje se Misgav-Ladachova metoda, Dörfflerova metoda, ekstraperitonejski carski rez, perimortalni ili postmortalni carski rez. Perinatalna smrtnost važan je pokazatelj zdravstvene zaštite, a uzroci iste najčešće su povezani s kratkim trajanjem trudnoće ili preranim porodom zbog majčine patologije trudnoće. Rađanje zatkom u probrane populacije, donijelo je toliko pomutnje među porodničarskim kućama i porodničarima, koliko vjerojatno nije ni jedna druga perinatalna problematika. Distocija fetalnih ramena je nepredvidiva opstetrička hitnost koja se odnosi na uklještenje fetalnih ramena u porodničkom kanalu, a rješava se primjenom unutarnjih i/ili vanjskih hvatova te vaginalnim postupcima. Sve porodničke operacije vodi iskusan tim porodničara, anesteziologa, pedijatara, uz suvremenu tehnologiju i sterilne uvjete.Obstetric procedures are known as the oldest surgical procedures being performed to help during obstructed labour. In the Ancient times obstructed labour was assisted by manual interventions and primitive instruments used to deliver the baby. Such interventions outcomes were negative, and ancient Greek and Rome midwives used various hooks and forceps. Many ancient surgeons practiced and mastered obstetric procedures and obstetric surgery. Range of surgery procedures is wide due to modern fetomateral and classical obstetric; such surgery procedures include operations during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery period, as well as assisted reproduction methods. Cesarean section is the most common "large" instrumentalmanual obstetric operation and Misgav-Ladach method, Dörffler method, extraperitoneal cesarean section, perimortal or postmortem cesarean section are used. Perinatal mortality is an important indicator of health care, and its causes are most often associated with a short duration of pregnancy or premature birth due to maternal pathology of pregnancy. Giving birth on the buttocks in selected populations has brought as much confusion among maternity homes and obstetricians as probably no other perinatal issue. Fetal shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric urgency that refers to the clamping of the fetal shoulders in the birth canal, and is resolved by the use of internal and / or external grips and vaginal procedures. All obstetric operations are led by an experienced team of obstetricians, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, with modern technology and great sterility of staff, instruments and operating field