Nutrition of newborns

Prehrana novorođenčadi započinje odmah nakon poroda. Zdravo novorođenče pokazuje reflekse sisanja, gutanja i traženja usnama. Novorođenče koje se dovoljno hrani majčinim mlijekom ili zamjenskim mlijekom ima mikcije šest do osam puta dnevno, stolica se pojavljuje svaki dan, te je vidljiv snažan refleks sisanja. Isto tako tjelesna težina je važan pokazatelj da se dijete dovoljno hrani. Majčino mlijeko smatra se najboljim izvorom prehrane novorođenčeta. Sadrži različita bioaktivna sredstva koja mijenjaju funkciju gastrointestinalnog trakta i imunološkog sustava, kao i funkciju u razvoju mozga. Ljudsko majčino mlijeko sadrži 87% vode, 3,8% masti, 1,0% proteina i 7% laktoze. Masnoća i laktoza osiguravaju 50% odnosno, 40% ukupne energije mlijeka. Stoga se majčino mlijeko naširoko smatra biološkom tekućinom potrebnom za optimalan rast i razvoj novorođenčeta. Dojenje pruža određene koristi za majku i dijete. Osim što je idealan način da se majka poveže sa svojim novorođenčetom, dojenje pomaže stimulirati hormone koji vraćaju maternicu u prvobitno stanje prije trudnoće. Većina novorođenčadi treba oko 10 do 12 obroka dnevno ili hranjenje svakih 1 do 3 sata. Svako dijete rođeno prijevremeno treba hraniti majčinim mlijekom. Tema rada izabrana je zbog važnosti promicanja prehrane novorođenčadi majčinim mlijekom koje je važno za optimalan rast i razvoj. Tijekom izrade rada provedeno je istraživanje o stavovima zdravstvenih djelatnika o važnosti dojenja. Uzorak istraživanja bio je 33 osobe različite kronološke dobi, a rezultati su prikupljeni anonimnim upitnikom. Dobiveni rezultati prilikom istraživanja pokazali su da je većina majki koje su zdravstveni djelatnici dojila, te isto tako prikazuju kako je većina ispitanika odgovorila da je bitno educiranje majki i očeva o dojenju.Nutrition of newborns begins immediately after birth. A healthy newborn shows sucking, swallowing and lip seeking reflexes. A newborn who is adequately fed with breast milk or substitute milk urinates six to eight times a day, stool appears every day, and a strong sucking reflex is visible. Likewise, body weight is an important indicator that the child is getting enough food. Mother's milk is considered the best source of nutrition for newborns. It contains various bioactive agents that change the function of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, as well as in brain development. Human breast milk contains 87% water, 3.8% fat, 1.0% protein and 7% lactose. Fat and lactose provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of milk, respectively. Therefore, breast milk is widely considered a biological fluid necessary for optimal growth and development of newborns. Breastfeeding provides certain benefits for mother and child. In addition to being the ideal way for a mother to bond with her newborn, breastfeeding helps stimulate hormones that return the uterus to its original pre-pregnancy state. Most newborns need about 10 to 12 meals a day or feedings every 1 to 3 hours. Premature babies start breastfeeding much less often and breastfeeding is shorter. Every premature baby should be breastfed. The topic of the paper was chosen because of the importance of promoting the nutrition of newborns with breast milk, which is important for optimal growth and development. During the preparation of the work, a survey was conducted on the attitudes of health professionals on the importance of breastfeeding. The research sample was 34 people of different chronological ages, and the results were collected through a questionnaire. The results obtained during the research showed that the majority of mothers were breastfeeding, and also show that the majority of respondents answered that it is important to educate mothers and fathers about breastfeeding