SOCIALIST ARCHITECTURE IN YUGOSLAVIA WITH A PARTICULAR FOCUS ON THE CITY OF SPLIT

Prve godine nakon Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji označavaju obnovu arhitekture koja je oštećena ratnim razaranjima. Arhitektura je tako imala jednu od važnijih uloga u procesu modernizacije društva. Analogno tome, u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji nastaju ambiciozni arhitektonski objekti i nova stambena naselja, primjerice u Splitu, Novom Zagrebu, Novom Beogradu, itd. Drugu polovicu 20. stoljeća obilježava i nagli razvoj industrijalizacije što je rezultiralo neprirodnim priljevom velikog broja ljudi u gradove te je očigledan bio nesrazmjer stanovništva između grada i njegove šire periferije, a osobito sela. Kao odgovor na to, u Splitu je izgrađeno novo naselje, Split 3, osvježenje u ustaljenoj socijalističkoj metodologiji urbanizma u Jugoslaviji. Na natječaju za projekt Split 3 pobjeđuje slovenski tim arhitekata Marjan Bežan, Nives Starc i Vladimir Mušič, a njihov rad daje novu dimenziju urbanizmu grada. Izgradnju trećeg gradskog rajona Split 3 definira niz stambenih zgrada s oko 14 000 stanova. Stambeni blokovi i pješačke zone Splita 3 protežu se u smjeru istok – zapad odnosno horizontalno u usporedbi s obalom, a kako bi se osigurao pogled prema jugu i moru, niži stambeni blokovi naselja smješteni su na južnoj strani ulice, u odnosu na više zgrade koje se nalaze na njenoj sjevernoj strani. Ovakav koncept je svakako bio prilagođen mediteranskom načinu života s vrtovima ispred stambenih blokova, parkovima i klupama za druženje te je ova nova, moderna arhitektura oblikovala život i sudbine ljudi koji su se s njom koristili. U Splitu nastaju i ostala važna arhitektonska rješenja koja se također spominju u ovom diplomskom radu, kao i građevine namijenjene za sportske manifestacije kao što su Mediteranske igre održane 1979. godine.The first years after World War II in Yugoslavia marked the restoration of architecture that had been damaged by wartime destruction. Architecture, thus, played one of the most important roles in the process of modernization of society. Analogously, in socialist Yugoslavia, ambitious architectural buildings and new residential areas were created, for example in Split, New Zagreb, New Belgrade, etc. The second half of the 20th century was also marked by the rapid development of industrialization, which resulted in an unnatural influx of a large number of people into the cities, and it was obvious disparity of the population between the city and its wider periphery, especially the countryside. In response to this, a new settlement, Split 3, was built in Split, a refresh in the established socialist methodology of urbanism in Yugoslavia. The Slovenian team of architects Marjan Bežan, Nives Starc and Vladimir Mušič won the competition for the Split 3 project, and their work gives a new dimension to the city's urbanism. The construction of the third city district Split 3 is defined by a series of residential buildings with around 14,000 apartments. The residential blocks and pedestrian zones of Split 3 stretch in the east-west direction, horizontally compared to the coast, and in order to ensure a view to the south and sea, the lower residential blocks of the settlement are located on the southern side of the street, compared to the higher buildings located on the its northern side. This concept was certainly adapted to the Mediterranean way of life with gardens in front of apartment blocks, parks and benches for socializing, and this new, modern architecture shaped the lives and destinies of the people who used it. Other architectural solutions in Split are also mentioned in this graduation thesis, as well as buildings intended for sports events such as the Mediterranean Games held in 1979