Controversies over stakeholder participation in marine protected area (MPA) management: A case study of the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Ocean & Coastal Management. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.05.002There is considerable controversy over the role of stakeholder participation (SP) in the management of marine protected areas (MPAs). On the one hand, SP advocates claim that successful MPAs make use of SP in their design and management. On the other hand, SP critics argue that it is difficult to reach consensus between stakeholders on the need for MPAs, let alone the best way to manage them. This study aimed to investigate the extent of SP in the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA (CPH-MPA) in the Murcia province of south-eastern Spain, with a view to exploring this controversy. The research focused on: the perceptions of respondents on the value of SP in CPH-MPA decision-making; the current extent of SP in the CPH-MPA; the challenges to it; and ways of overcoming those challenges. Fieldwork was carried out during 2013e2015 involving the collection of qualitative data from key informant interviews, community meetings, and individual surveys. These data revealed a high degree of support for SP; very different perceptions about its current extent in CPH-MPA; the existence of many barriers to SP; and several recommendations to address these barriers. The study concluded that since immediate consensus on SP was absent, an experimental approach of adaptive co-management (ACM) could be adopted to determine what kind of SP works best