Cardiopulmonary emergencies in sports physiotherapy

Kardiopulmološke bolesti u sportu ozbiljan su problem jednako ozbiljnih posljedica po zdravlje sportaša ukoliko se pravodobno ne otkriju i ne liječe. Zbog povećanog stresa na srce te nerijetko neliječenih i ne na vrijeme prepoznatih patologija, ova su stanja u sportu dovoljno česta da zahtijevaju hitnu medicinsku intervenciju, a iziskuju ne samo poznavanje osnovnih mjera prve pomoći, nego i odabir točnih mjera početnoga zbrinjavanja i procjene težine novonastaloga stanja zdravlja sportaša. Patološke promjene unutar srčanoga mišića oslabljuju sposobnost srca da pumpa krv pa dovode do niza skrivenih i ne na vrijeme otkrivenih bolesti. Najozbiljnija kardiološka bolest je akutni infarkt miokarda, a uz srčanu insuficijenciju i srčane mane najčešće je kardiološko stanje koja zahtijeva hitnu medicinsku intervenciju. Hitne medicinske intervencije zahtijevaju i plućna embolija, pneumotoraks, disekcija aorte i šok. Fizioterapeuti u sportu igraju ključnu ulogu ne samo kao dio sportskoga tima koji je odgovoran za liječenje, rehabilitaciju i prevenciju ozljeda, već i kao zdravstveni radnici osposobljeni za poznavanje i prepoznavanje patologije te pružanje hitne medicinske pomoći unesrećenom sportašu. Promocija redovitih sistematskih pregleda u vidu prevencije i ranog otkrivanja kardiopulmoloških bolesti i stalna edukacija fizioterapeuta o kardiološkim bolestima ključni su za ne samo za zdravlje sportaša, nego i za uspješnost cijeloga tima.Cardiopulmonary diseases in sports are a serious problem with equally serious consequences for the health of athletes if they are not detected and treated in time. Due to the increased stress on the heart and the often untreated and not recognized pathologies, these conditions are common enough in sports to require urgent medical intervention, and they require not only knowledge of basic first aid measures, but also the selection of correct measures of initial care and assessment of the severity of the new condition health of athletes. Pathological changes within the heart muscle weaken the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a series of hidden and undetected diseases. The most serious cardiac disease is acute myocardial infarction, and along with heart failure and heart defects, it is the most common cardiac condition that requires urgent medical intervention. Pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, aortic dissection and circulatory shock also require emergency medical interventions. Physiotherapists in sports play a key role not only as part of a sports team responsible for the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of injuries, but also as health professionals trained in the knowledge and recognition of pathology and providing emergency medical aid to an injured athlete. Promotion of regular systematic examinations in the form of prevention and early detection of cardiopulmonary diseases and constant education of physiotherapists about cardiac diseases are key not only for the health of athletes, but also for the success of the entire team