In recent years, urban logistics has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Especially researchers working on last-mile logistics, which is considered to be the most polluting, least optimal and most costly pivot in supply chain management, accounting for around 1/4 of the total cost of the supply chain. Sustainable optimization of this yoke depends on congestion, customer settlement and delivery times. The negative externalities associated with urban logistics generally include: noise, greenhouse gases and air pollution. This is why we need to analyse the last kilometer more closely to ensure a sustainable city. Add to this the rapid urbanization of cities and the growing expectations of customers in terms of service, and researc...