State-of-the-art technologies for remote sensing of crops water status and nutrients in agriculture: A review

The research relevance is predetermined by the need to introduce effective methods and tools for monitoring water resources and tracking soil nutrient levels to improve agricultural production and sustainable use of natural resources. The research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies and techniques used in RS for accurately assessing water status and nutrient levels in crops, aiming to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. The latest advancements in remote sensing techniques that enable precise monitoring and assessment of water levels and nutrient conditions in crops, crucial for optimizing agricultural practices, were studied. The literature research was conducted by adapting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Methods. The current study provides an overview of RS technology, with a special focus on establishing crops’ water and nutrient status in agriculture. A thorough review of research focused on the applications and technologies of RS in agriculture, using a broad-to-narrow approach, was also conducted. The scientific studies analysed provide the following: RS crops on a large scale level, RS crops on a field level, RS crops on a greenhouse level, RS on a plant level and RS on a leaf level. Current cutting-edge technologies are also presented. The findings of this study could be beneficial to those involved in sustainable agriculture, such as researchers, academics, and aspiring student